PR 1

• Definitions of research


  • Research follows a step-by-step process of investigation that uses standardized approach to answer questions or solving problems (Polit & Beck, 2004)
  • Research is a continuous undertaking of making known the unknown (Sachez, 2002). It entails an investigation of new facts leading to the discovery of new ideas, methods, or improvements. It is an attempt to widen one's outlook in life. It always proceeds from the known to the unknown. Thus, the end of research is to arrive at a new truth
  • Research is a tested approach of thinking and employing validated instruments and steps in order to obtain a more adequate solution to a problem that is otherwise impossible to address under ordinary means (Crawford, as cited by Alcantara & Espina, 1995)
• Importance of research


  • Research provides a scientific basis for any practice or methodology in any field or discipline
  • Research is undertaken for the continuous development and further productivity in any field
  • Research helps develop tools for assessing effectiveness of any practice and operation such as psychological tests, intelligence quotient tests, psychological assessments, among others
  • Research provides solutions to problems concerning at most all issues encountered in the different areas of work
  • Research impacts decision-making
  • Research develops and evaluates alternative approaches to the educational aspects of any discipline
  • Research is important to gather necessary information
  • Research is important to make changes
  • Research is important to improve standard of living
  • Research is important to have a safer life
  • Research is important to know the truth
  • Research is important to explore our history
  • Research is important to understand the arts
• Characteristics of research


  • Empirical - Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher
  • Logical - Research is based on valid procedures and principles
  • Cyclical - Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem
  • Analytical - Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, and experimental and case study
  • Critical - Research exhibits careful and precise judgment
  • Methodical - Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic method and procedures
  • Replicability - The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results
• Characteristics of the researcher

  • Intellectual Curiosity - A researcher undertakes a deep thinking and inquiry of the things and situations around him
  • Prudence - The researcher is careful to conduct his research study at the right time and at the right place wisely, efficiently, and economically
  • Healthy Criticism - The researcher is always doubtful as to the truthfulness of the results
  • Intellectual Honesty - An intelligent researcher is honest to collect or gather data or facts in order to arrive at honest results
  • Intellectual Creativity - A productive and resourceful investigator always creates new researches
• The research process


  1. Define the research problem

  2. Review the literature

  3. Formulate the hypothesis

  4. Design research

  5. Collect data

  6. Analyze data

  7. Interpret and report
• Research is more of an art rather than a science
• Characteristics of a Good Research Title

  • Not too long that the title contains unnecessary, confusing, redundant, and implicit words
  • Keep it simple, brief, and attractive
  • The primary function of a title is to provide a precise summary of the paper's content
  • A good tile for a research is typically around 10-15 substantive words long
  • A lengthy title may seem unfocused and take the reader's attention away from an important point
• Characteristics of a Good Research Title

  • Not too short that the title did not include some important concepts of the purpose of your study
  • Does not use words having too broad meaning
  • Does not contain abbreviations and numerical values
  • If a research title contains a catchphrase, signaled by a colon ( : ), the catchphrase should be related to the context of the study
  • Mentions all the major variables of your research study
• Characteristics of a Good Research Title

  • Not too long that the title contains unnecessary, confusing, redundant, and implicit words
  • Keep it simple, brief, and attractive
  • The primary function of a title is to provide a precise summary of the paper's content
  • A good tile for a research is typically around 10-15 substantive words long
  • A lengthy title may seem unfocused and take the reader's attention away from an important point