Court and Parliament

• What was the Privy Council?

  A group of 19 people who were the queens most trusted advisors
• Who was the Privy Council led by?


  Secretary of State
• Why was Elizabeth’s gender a problem in early years?

  Many wanted a male monarch, women were seen as weak and Mary I’s reign was not good
• Why did she need a heir?

  To provide stability
• What was patronage?

  Patronage was Elizabeth effectively buying the courts support
• How did she use leases as patronage?

  Elizabeth granted ‘leases in reversion’ to loyal nobles which were a grant of free money and freedom
• How did she use monopolies are patronage?

  Elizabeth granted noble titles and monopolies over whole industries
• How did patronage help?

  Giving the nobles money, land, power and influence, conditional on her support helped to ensure that her position of power was stable
• What were progresses?

  Journeys around the country to ‘show herself’
• Who did she travel with on progresses?

  She travelled with her nobles and stayed with them. They would gain status from a visit
• When did Elizabeth become queen?

  1558
• Who were the two secretary’s of state?

  William Cecil and Francis Walsingham both served as secretary of state during her reign, and had enormous influence
• What was the Royal Court?

  A group of over 1000 people made up of nobles, advisors, officials and servants. It was run by the Lord Chamberlain and gave people an opportunity to talk to Elizabeth
• Why did people declare Elizabeth illegitimate?

  Her father had a divorce then married Anne. Catholics don’t believe in divorce so they say the marriage between Henry and Anne never happened
• What was parliaments response to Elizabeth never marrying?

  Parliament repeatedly pressured her to marry or name an heir but she resisted
• What were the advantages of Elizabeth marrying?

  Marriage could provide an heir, political alliances, stability and a king consort
• Why didn’t Elizabeth want to marry?

  She didn’t want to share power, she didn’t want a religious divide and she wanted control
• What did Elizabeth do to help the money problem?

  She sold off crown lands and cut government spending
• Reasons for Englands debt?

  The growing population caused food demands

  She was reluctant to raise taxes

  Wars were very expensive

  She used privateers
• Why didn’t Elizabeth marry Dudley?

  Because of his wife’s suspicious death
• When was the Act of Supremacy?

  1559
• What was the Act of Supremacy?

  Elizabeth made herself supreme governor of the Church of England and all officials had to swear an oath of loyalty to her
• Who was the religious divide between?

  Catholics and Protestants
• How did Elizabeth solve the religious divide?

  She created a middle way to make Catholic and protestant beliefs shown evenly
• What was the Act of Uniformity?

  Everyone attended church on Sundays and would pay a fine if they didn’t attend