Respiratory System

• The The external portion of the nose helps give ___ to the voice

  resonance
• The external portion of the nose contains the 


  external nairs
• Label parts of the internal nose

  Below

  A) Ethmoid bone

  B) Sphenoid bone

  C) Maxilla

  D) Palatine bone

  
• The olfactory epithelium located at the top of the nasal cavity is made of...

  
  

  psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells (respiratory epithelium
• the internal nairs is the opening to the

  pharynx
• what is the function of the conchae?

  they increase surface area which helps filter air

  
• what are the paranasal sinuses?

  • frontal
  • sphenoid
  • ethmoid
  • maxillary bones
• The paranasal sinuses also...

  give resonance to voice
• the paranasal sinuses ___ skull

  lighten
• the pharynx is...

  13 cm
• the pharynx extends from the

  internal nairs to the cricoid cartilage
• the pharynx is...

  • passage for air and food
  • speech production
  • resonance
  • tonsils
• what are the 3 regions of the pharynx?

  • naso
  • oro
  • laryngo
• Nasopharynx

  • from internal nairs to soft palate
  • contains openings for auditory tubes
  • pharyngeal tonsil in roof

  
• The nasopharynx is the passageway for ___ only

  air
• the nasopharynx is lined with

  respiratory epithelium
• the oropharynx is located form the...

  soft palate to hyoid bone
• the oropharynx is the opening to the

  mouth
• The oropharynx is lines with

  stratified squamous epithelium
• the oropharynx contains the ___ and ____ tonsils

  palatine, linguinal
• the laryngopharynx is located

  from hyoid bone to cricoid cartilage
• Label

  Below

  A) Hyoid bone

  B) Thyroid cartilage

  C) Cricoid cartilage

  
• the epiglottis is on the __ side

  posterior
• Label

  Larynx

  A) Cuniform

  B) Corniculate

  C) Arytenoid

  
• the vestibular fold is also known as

  false vocal cords
• true vocal cords are made of

  • skeletal muscle
  • elastic ligament
• when cartilage moves, it stretches the

  vocal cords
• the glottis is

  space between vocal cords
• pitch depends on

  length and tension of cord
• volume depends on

  force of air
• males have ___ vocal cords

  thicker
• the trachea is ___ cm, ___ cm diameter

  12, 2.5
• What are the factors determining diffusion?

  • Surface area
  • Thickness of membrane
  • Partial pressure of gases
  • Ventilation - perfusion ratio
• What is the normal surface area for diffusion?

  • 70 m2
  • can be affected by disease
• In order to determine the partial pressure,

  Multiply composition by total pressure (atmospheric )
• How much oxygen is transported in the blood?

  1.5% dissolved

  (98.5% oxyhemoglobin)
• How does pH affect the affinity of O2?

  High pH = high affinity (more binding, less unloading)

  Low pH = low affinity (less binding, more unloading)
• How does PCO2 affect the blood?

  Higher Pco2 = more acidic
• how is CO2 transported?

  dissolved in plasma (7%)

  carbaminohemoglobin (23%)

  Bicarbonate (70%)
• What are the waste products of cellular respiration?

  CO2 and H2O