History Of DNA and RNA

• DNA & RNA - They are known as the nucleic acids which are responsible for genetics
• DNA - The acronym for Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid
• Friedrich Miescher - the first person that identified the DNA as an acidic substance present in the Nucleus
• James Watson & Francis Crick - they described the DNA as a double helix strand
• Albrecht Kossel - he isolated the nucleic acids (Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine)
• Linus Pauling - he discovered the spiral structure of proteins
• Rosalind Franklin (same lab as Maurice Wilkins) -she studied the x-ray diffraction of the DNA
• Rosalind Franklin - she found out that the DNA is Helical, More than one strand, and has more than 10 pairs
• DNA - is found at the center of the cell (NUCLEUS) and is made up of two strands of nucleotides
• DNA - is often divided into four different levels: primary, secondary, territory, and quartermary
• DNA has three components: Deoxyribose (propose sugar), Nucleotides (bases: Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine), and Phosphate (salt)
• The nucleotides are divided into two groups (THE NITROGIOUS): Pyramidines and Purines
• Pyramidines (6 member ring) - Thymine and Cytosine (1 ring)
• Purines (6 member ring) - Adenine and Guanine (2 rings)
• Structure of Nucleotides - formed from the condensation of a sugar-phosphate and one of the 4 bases
• Shape of the Deoxyribose - pentagon
• RNA - is a single stranded molecule that is found at the cytoplasm
• RNA - the acronym for Ribonucleic Acid
• Ribose - the sugar component for RNA
• RNA - cannot replicate itself because it needs the help of DNA and other cellular components
• Messenger RNA (mRNA) - a type of RNA that contains the instruction that direct cells to make proteins
• Transfer RNA (tRNA) - a type of RNA that carries the amino acids into the ribosome
• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - forms the ribosomes
• The RNA has four bases: Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Uracil