BIOLOGY

• NATURAL SCIENCE THAT STUDIES LIFE AND LIVING ORGANISMS, INCLUDING THEIR PHYSICAL STRUCTURE

  BIOLOGY
• • RELATED TO OTHER THREE EARTH SUB-SYSTEMS
  • MOST OF IT CONTAINED WITHIN A SHALLOW SURFACE OF EARTH
  • HUMANS ARE PART OF IT

  BIOSPHERE
• • EXISTED 3.8 BILLION YEARS
  • EARLIST LIFE FORM IS CALLED PROKARYOTES 


  ORIGIN OF BIOLOGY
• INCLUDED SINGLE-CELLED ORGANISMS SICH AS BACTERIA AND ARCHEA

  PROKARYOTES
• FATHER OF BIOLOGY


  ARISTOTLE
• CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS


  TAXONOMY
• STUDY OF EXTERNAL FORM OF VARIOUS LIVING ORGAN

  MORPHOLOGY
• STUDY OF INTERNAL STRUCTURE

  ANATOMY
• STUDY OF TISSUE ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE

  HISTOLOGY
• STUDY OF FORM AND STRUCTURE OF CELLS

  CYTOLOGY
• ASPECTS OF CELLS AND ITS COMPONENTS

  CELL BIOLOGY
• STUDY OF NATURE


  MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
• DIFFERENT TYPES OF BODY FUNCTIONS AND PROCESSES

  PHYSIOLOGY
• STUDY OF FERTILIZATION


  EMBRYOLOGY
• LIVING ORGANISMS IN RELATION TO ANOTHER ORGANISM

  ECOLOGY
• STUDY OF INHERITANCE


  GENETICS
• IMPROVEMENT OR IMPAIRMENT OF RACE

  EUGENICS
• ORIGIN OF LIFE, NEW TYPES OF ORGANISMS

  EVOLUTION
• STUDY OF FOSSILS


  PALEONTOLOGY
• POSSIBILITY OF LIFE IN OUTER SPACE

  EXOBIOLOGY
• STUDY OF VIRUS


  VIROLOGY
• • COMMUNITY OF ORGANISMS
  • OPEN SYSTEM
  • REQUIRES ONGOING INPUTS OF ENERGY TO PERSIST

  ECOSYSTEM
• PRODUCERS - PRIMARY PRODUCTION - CONSUMERS - DETRITIVORES - DECOMPOSERS
• CONVERT LIGHT ENERGY INTO CHEMICAL BOND ENERGY

  PRODUCERS
• RATE AT WHICH PRODUCERS CAPTURE AND STORE ENERGY


  PRIMARY PRODUCTION
• EAT PRODUCERS OR ONE ANOTHER


  CONSUMERS
• CONSUMERS THAT EAT SMALL BITS OF ORGANIC REMAINS

  DETRITIVORES
• BREAK WASTE INTO INORGANIC COMPONENTS

  DECOMPOSERS
• ONE PATH IF ENERGY AND NUTRIENT FLOW

  FOOD CHAIN
• PRIMARY PRODUCER BEING THE FIRST LEVEL AND CONSUMERS AT HIGHER LEVEL

  TROPHIC LEVEL
• OCEANS - ATMOSPHERE - LAND - OCEAN AGAIN
• OCEANS - ATMOSPHERE - LAND - OCEAN AGAIN

  WATER CYCLE
• EVAPORATION - CONDENSATION - PRESIPITATION
• MAIN RESERVOIR FOR CARBON IS ROCKS

  CARBON CYCLE
• CONTRIBUTES TO THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

  CARBON CYCLE
• • ATMOSPHERIC CYCLE
  • AIR IS THE MAIN RESERVOIR


  NITROGEN CYCLE
• NITROGEN FIXATION - AMMONIFICATION - NITRIFICATION - DENITRIFICATION

  NITROGEN CYCLE
• NITROGEN FIXATION - AMMONIFICATION - NITRIFICATION - DENITRIFICATION
• CONVERTS N^2 TO AMMONIUM

  NITROGEN FIXATION
• ADDS AMMONIUM TO THE SOIL

  AMMONIFICATION