cell division

• mitosis is for somatic cells while meiosis is for gametes
• prophase is when chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, nuclear envelope breaks down, centrioles move to opposite poles, spindle fibers form between them, and kinetochore microtubules attach to kinetochores on sister chromatids.
• metaphase is where the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell
• telophase is where new nuclei form around the separated sets of chromosomes, the mitotic spindles disappear, and the cytoplasm divides
• anaphase is where the sister chromatids separate from one another and are pulled towards their respective poles by the spindle fibers
• cytokinesis is where the cytoplasm divides to produce two daughter cells with identical genetic material
• meiosis has two rounds of cell division that result in four genetically different haploid daughter cells
• in prophase I, homologous pairs align along metaphase plate, crossing over occurs, and synapsis forms
• crossing over occurs when non-identical sections of homologous chromosomes break off and swap places
• in anaphase I, homologous pairs separate and migrate to opposite poles
• there is an end result of four daughter cells during meiosis
• there is an end result of two daughter cells during mitosis
• meiosis results in four daughter cells with a haploid number of chromosomes
• mitosis results in two daughter cells with the same diploid number of chromosomes as the parent cell
• the purpose of mitosis is growth and repair
• the purpose of meiosis is gamete reproduction
• there is DNA replication in both mitosis and meiosis
• IPMATC = stages of mitosis
• in mitosis: interphase > prophase > metaphase > anaphase > telophase > cytokinesis