Intro to nursing

• Nursing


  To provide an individualized, holistic, and quality nursing care, it is important to understand man
• Man


  • Capacity to think or conceptualize on the abstract level
  • Family Formation
  • Tendency to seek and maintain a territory
  • Ability to use verbal symbols as language, a means of developing and maintaining culture
• Atomistic Approach


  Viewing man as an organism only (view cells, tissues, organs – body structures only)
• Atomistic Approach


  • Taking blood pressure of the patient
• Holistic Approach


  Viewing man as an organism with interrelated and interdependent parts functioning to produce a behavior which is acceptable or unacceptable to him or to the society
• Holistic Approach


  • Nursing interaction with the patient
• All living organisms are interacting unified whole that are more than the mere sum of his parts. In this light, any disturbance affects the whole being
• Holistic Approach


  • When the nurse assess a patient, he or she must keep the whole person in mind. When assessing a certain body part, it must be related to other parts. The nurse must also consider how the patient interacts with the external environment and how they relate with others
• Human life must be balanced and harmonized with the other forms of nature. Disturbance may result in illness
• Nursing Roles


  • Health Education
  • Health Maintenance
  • Health Promotion
  • Illness Prevention
  • Restorative and Rehabilitative Care
• Subordinate System


  Found inside Man are Family, Loved Ones, Neighbors
• Superordinate System


  Found outside Man is Society and Community
• Man normally responds as a unified whole rather than a set of integrated parts (Rogers)
• Man as a unified whole is composed of parts which are interrelated and interdependent with each other (Rogers)
• Man as a unified whole


  • Toothache – pain affects the face, head, body, and person becomes irritated
  • Fire – a person runs as a whole not per part
• Man as a unified whole is different and more than the mere sum of his parts (Rogers) – Man is superior more than his body parts
• Man is an open system in constant interaction with the changing environment (Roy)
• Man


  A unity who can be viewed as functioning biologically, symbolically, and socially and who initiates and performs self – care activities on her own behalf in maintaining life, and well – being (Orem)
• Man is like all man, Man is like some man, and Man is no other man


  • Man is like all man in terms of the same anatomical structure
  • Man is like some man in terms of having different traits and personalities that make us a UNIQUE individual
  • Man is no other man in terms of being irreplaceable, alike and unlike other being, making life meaningful, having differences, never thinking alike, having a limited nature (mortal), being a rational thinker, making choices and being responsible, always having a degree of immaturity, coping on stressful stimuli, relating with others
• Man as a Bio Psychosocial Being


  • Believes that there's someone greater than him and his universe
  • Believes in 3 Great Virtues: FAITH, HOPE, and CHARITY
• Man


  An individual with vital reparative processes to deal with disease and desirous of health but passive in terms of influencing the environment or nurse (Nightingale)
• Definitions of Nursing


  • The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery (Nightingale, 1860/1969)
  • The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge, and to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible (Henderson, 1966, p. 3)
  • Nursing is caring
  • Nursing is an art
  • Nursing is a science
  • Nursing is client centered
  • Nursing is holistic
  • Nursing is adaptive
  • Nursing is concerned with health promotion, health maintenance, and health restoration
  • Nursing is a helping profession
  • Direct, goal oriented, and adaptable to the needs of the individual, the family, and community during health and illness (ANA, 1973, p. 2)
  • Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems (ANA, 1980, p. 9)
  • Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, preventions of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations (ANA, 2010, p. 10)
• Recipients of Nursing


  • Promoting health and wellness
  • Preventing illness
  • Restoring health
  • Caring for the dying
• Roles and Functions of the Nurse

  • Caregiver
  • Communicator
  • Teacher
  • Client advocate
  • Counselor
  • Change agent
  • Leader
  • Manager
  • Case Manager
  • Research consumer
• Expanded career roles (nurse midwife, nurse educator, nurse researcher, and nurse anesthetist)
• Nursing as a Profession

  An occupation that requires extensive education or a calling that requires special knowledge, skill, and preparation
• Criteria of a profession

  • Requires prolonged, specialized training to acquire a body of knowledge pertinent to the role to be performed
  • Orientation of the individual toward service, either to a community or to an organization
  • Ongoing research
  • Code of ethics
  • Autonomy
  • Professional organization
• Characteristics of a Profession

  • Specialized knowledge and education
  • Professional associations
  • Ethical codes and standards
  • Autonomy and self-regulation
  • Service orientation
  • Professional identity and culture
  • Accountability
• Barriers to Professionalism


  • Variability in Educational
  • Gender Issues
  • Historical Influences
  • External Conflicts
  • Internal Conflicts
• Science and Art of Nursing Practice
• History of Nursing


  • Early Beliefs, Practices and Care of the sick
  • Early Filipinos subscribed to superstitious belief and practices in relation to health and sickness
  • Diseases, their causes and treatment were associated with mysticism and superstitions
  • Cause of disease was caused by another person (an enemy of witch) or evil spirits
  • Persons suffering from diseases without any identified cause were believed bewitched by "mangkukulam"
  • Difficult childbirth were attributed to "nonos"
  • Evil spirits could be driven away by persons with powers to expel demons
  • Belief in special Gods of healing: priest-physician, word doctors, herbolarios/herb doctors
• Early Hospitals during the Spanish Regime

  • Hospital Real de Manila
  • San Juan de Dios Hospital
  • San Lazaro Hospital
  • Hospital de Aguas Santas
  • Hospital de Indios
  • Hospital de Aguas Santas
• School Of Nursing


  • St. Paul's Hospital School of Nursing, Intramuros Manila – 1900
  • Iloilo Mission Hospital Training School of Nursing – 1906
  • St. Luke's Hospital School of Nursing – 1907
  • Mary Johnston Hospital School of Nursing – 1907
  • Philippines General Hospital school of Nursing – 1910
• College of Nursing


  • UST College of Nursing – 1st College of Nursing in the Phils: 1877
  • MCU College of Nursing – June 1947 (1st College who offered BSN – 4 year program)
  • UP College of Nursing – June 1948
  • FEU Institute of Nursing – June 1955
  • UE College of Nursing – Oct 1958
• 1909: 3 female graduated as "qualified medical-surgical nurses"
• 1919: 1st Nurses Law (Act#2808) was enacted regulating the practice of the nursing profession in the Philippines Islands. It also provided the holding of exam for the practice of nursing on the 2nd Monday of June and December of each year
• 1920: 1st board examination for nurses was conducted by the Board of Examiners, 93 candidates took the exam, 68 passed with the highest rating of 93.5%-Anna Dahlgren
• 1921: Filipino Nurses Association was established (now PNA) as the National Organization Of Filipino Nurses
• 1953: Republic Act 877, known as the "Nursing Practice Law" was approved
• Period of Nursing history

  • Intuitive nursing is more than simply a "gut feeling"
  • Apprentice nursing - Nursing care was performed without any formal education
  • Period of Educated Nursing– Crimean, civil war. arousal of social consciousness
  • Period of Contemporary Nursing - Scientific and technological development