Evaluate 1 method for modifying Laurence behaviour (15)

• Para 1: naltrexone

  • P: One biological method for modifying addictive behaviour is the use of the opioid antagonist naltrexone.
  • E: Naltrexone works by blocking opioid receptors in the brain, reducing the rewarding effects of addictive behaviours like drug use or even gambling.
  • E: In Laurence's case, his compulsive tool-buying may be reinforced by the pleasurable feelings he gets from purchasing.
  • L: Naltrexone can reduce this reinforcement by dulling the 'high' he experiences, helping to break the cycle of compulsive buying.
• Para 2: effectivenessof naltrexone

  • P: Research evidence supports its effectiveness, though with limitations.
  • E: Lahti et al. (2010) found that gamblers who took naltrexone before gambling experienced significantly reduced urges and behaviours, suggesting it could be effective for behavioural addictions like Laurence's. Additionally, NICE reviewed studies showing that, when motivation is high and support is provided, naltrexone is linked to lower relapse rates.
  • E: However, results are inconsistent overall, and the treatment is more effective when paired with psychological support.
  • L: This may be a limitation in Laurence's case if he is not highly motivated to change or lacks support structures.
• Para 3: ethics

  • P: Ethical implications must also be considered.
  • E: Naltrexone can cause liver damage and precipitate withdrawal in opioid users.
  • E: Although Laurence is not an opioid addict, ethical concerns still exist - especially the risk of overdose if a patient returns to addictive behaviour and uses more than usual to overcome the blocked effects. Thus, medical supervision is essential.
  • L: These risks may outweigh the benefits if Laurence's addiction is mild or better treated with therapy.
• Para 4: social implications

  • P: There are also social considerations regarding cost and practicality.
  • E: Though naltrexone requires less ongoing use than methadone, the need for supervision and regular medical checks adds financial strain to health services.
  • E: However, if effective, it could reduce Laurence's compulsive spending and improve his ability to work and function socially.
  • L: This ultimately benefits society by reducing dependency and increasing productivity.
• Conclusion

  In conclusion, naltrexone offers a promising biological intervention for behavioural addictions, especially when combined with motivation and support. However, mixed evidence, ethical risks, and cost concerns suggest it may not be the best standalone treatment for Laurence. A more holistic approach, perhaps including CBT, might better address his compulsive buying behaviour in the long term.