Atoms (simpler)

• The nucleus is the central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.
• Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.
• Neutrons have no charge and are also located in the nucleus of an atom.
• Electrons are negatively charged particles.
• Isotopes are atoms with different number of neutrons but the same atomic number (protons).
• Electrons orbit around the nucleus.
• Ions are electrically charged atoms, or groups of atoms.
• Atoms are the smallest independent particle that makes up everything.
• Molecules are a group of atoms that are chemically bonded together.
• The nuclide symbol is used to represent atoms.
• AMU stands for Atomic Mass Unit.
• Subatomic particles are smaller than atoms and make up atoms.
• Atoms are made up of subatomic particles.
• Protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, and neutrons do not carry an electrical charge.
• The number of protons determines the element.
• Protons have a positive charge.
• Neutrons dont have any charge, and are neutral.
• Electrons have a negative charge.
• Anions are negatively charged Ions.
• An Anion is formed when an atom has more electrons than protons.
• A Cation is a positively charged Ion.
• Cations are formed when an atom has fewer electrons than protons.
• A Monatomic Ion has only 1 type of atom.
• Polyatomic Ions has multiple non metal atoms that share electrons.
• Complex Ions has a metal Ion at its center with other molecules/Ions surrounding it.
• The valence level is the outermost energy level/shell in an atom.
• The valence electrons are important for chemical bonding.
• Valency refers to how many bonds can be made by an element.
• An electron cloud are the orbitals made by electrons around the atom.
• A molecule of an element consists of a fixed number of 1 type of atom.
• A molecule of a compound consists of a fixed number of different atoms chemically combined.
• The ratio of water molecules remain fixed no matter if the state is in liquid, solid or gas. (This principle applies to molecules of all compounds.)
• To represent atoms, we use chemical symbols.
• To represent a molecule, we use its chemical formula.
• The chemical formula tells us the types of atoms and the number of each atom in substances.
• The atomic number, or proton number is the number of protons in an atom.
• Atoms DONT always have an equal number of protons and electrons.
• The number of protons equaling to the number of electrons only apply to NEUTRAL atoms.
• Atoms of an element may have different masses due to differing amounts of neutrons. (they are called the "isotopes" of an element.
• Neutral atoms have the same amount of electrons and protons, canceling each other out.