SP 128: ASD

• MIND: Magnifying Information about Neurodiversity
• Neurodiversity

  • affirming practices about non-neurotypical people
  • therapist don't exactly treat but rather strengthen their capabilities
  • movements that empower non-neurotypical people
• ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder)

  • neurodevelopmental condition from birth to death
  • have difficulties in social interaction and communication
  • 1 in 36 children have ASD
  • 4x more prevalent in males
  • Little to no research of ASD in PH due to mismanagement
• ASD: Causes

  • No exact identifiable cause but can be due to genetic and non-genetic factors
• Non-genetic causes of ASD

  • Prenatal
  • Mother is exposed to toxins
  • Mother is old
  • Mother has high blood pressure and high sugar levels
• Non-genetic cause of ASD

  • Perinatal
  • Nuchal cord occurrence : wrapped umbilical cord in neck
  • Birth Asphyxia: Lack of oxygen levels
• Non-genetic cause of ASD

  • Postnatal
  • Low Birth weight
  • Normal: 2.5-3.5 kg
  • Low APGAR Score
  • Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration
• Genetic/Neurobiological causes of ASD

  • High risk for family with ASD
  • No definite part of the brain but most research say that it is the overactivation of the amygdala
• Signs and Symptoms of ASD

  • Social Interaction and Communication
  • Avoids eye contact
  • Doesn't respond when calling name
  • Likes to play alone rather than with peers
• Signs and Symptoms of ASD

  • Behavioral
  • Lines up toys
  • Hand Flapping
  • Rocking Body
  • Precise repetition of sounds, words, or phrases
  • can be called as self-stimulatory or stimming
• Self-stimulatory or stimming

  • A way to cope with overwhelming sensory stimulations or intense emotions like anger, fear, and anxiety
• ASD Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-V)

  • must satisfy all 5 domains

  1. Problems with social interaction and communication
  2. Precise repetitive Patterns and Behaviors
  3. Symptoms are present in early developmental stages
  4. Symptoms cause impairments to relevant domain of functioning
  5. Disturbances are not explained by GDD or ID
• ASD Problems with social communication and interaction

  • difficulty in Social-emotional reciprocity
  • non-verbal communication
  • difficulty in forming, maintaining, and understanding relationships
• ASD manifestation of repetitive behaviors

  • Adhere to routines
  • Restricted interest
  • Increased reactions to sensory input
  • Repetitive motor movement or stimming
• ASD DSM 5 vs DSM 4

  1. Subcategories (A, PDD-NOS, Rett's, Asperger, CDD)
  2. Merged Vs Non-Merged
  3. Specific Criteria (Social Interaction and Communication)
  4. Merged Vs Non-Merged
  5. Age of Onset
  6. Early developmental stages Vs Prior to 3 years old
  7. Rule-out
  8. GDD or ID Vs PDD-NOS
  9. Main Focus
  10. DSM 5: functioning is highlighted and required
• PDD-NOS: Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
• CDD - Childhood disintegrative disorder
• ASD: Levels

  1. High Functioning: Minimal Assistance
  2. Moderate Support
  3. Low Functioning: Maximal Assistance

  • almost everyday assistance
• Repetitive movements (echolalia) can be immediate or delayed without the intention
• Idiosyncratic Language

  • unique to the child
  • certain phrases used in unusual context
• ASD: Medical Precaution

  1. Genetic: Down Syndrome and Fragile X Syndrome
  2. Neurodevelopment: Hydrocephalus & Microcephaly
  3. Sleep Disorders
  4. Gastrointestinal Diseases
  5. Mental Illness
  6. Immune, Auto-immune, allergies
  7. Metabolic
  8. ADHD, ID
• ASD: Management Behaviors

  1. Behavioral
  2. Developmental
  3. Educational
  4. Social-Relational
  5. Pharmacological
  6. Psychosocial
  7. Others: Traditional/Music and Art Therapy
• Behavioral Management

  • Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) therapist uses learning approach to induce or reduce behaviors
• Developmental Management

  • OTs
  • Sensory Issues
  • Fine motor
  • PTs
  • gross motor
  • SPs
  • Speech & Language
• Educational Management (TEACCH)

  • Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communication-handicapped Children
  • supports learning style of ASD by adhering to individualized routine
  • highlights sensory reductions
• Socio-relational

  • Building of social skills
  • Enroll in social skills groups
  • Interact with other people
• Psychosocial

  • for co-occurring mental conditions
  • Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT)
  • highlights how our thought shapes emotion and behaviors
• ASD: Interdisciplinary Team

  • Family: center
  • SPs, PTs, OTs
  • DevPed
  • Support Group
  • Autism Society of the Philippines
  • Z Benefits for Children with Developmental Disabilities (PhilHealth)