Enzymes

• Why an introduction to the history and the legal bases of SPED is valuable
• Right now, what role excites you more

  • Becoming a builder/teacher
  • Becoming a fighter/advocate
• Tools or weapons


  • Tools or guidebook if you see yourself as a builder or teacher of children with special needs
  • Weapons or resource material if you see yourself as a fighter or advocate for the rights of children with special needs
• Special Education


  • Mandated by law
  • Governed by law in both operation of public and private schools
  • Guided by law
• What these laws include

  • Clear statement of the rights and privileges of children with special needs and persons with disabilities
  • How much funding government should allocate
  • What types of schools should there be for them
  • Where these should be located
  • How education will be administered
  • What curriculum content will be
  • Who will teach
  • Who will attend these schools
• Public Law or P. L. 94-142

  • Known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
  • Landmark piece of legislation that has changed the face of SPED worldwide
  • Culmination of many educators, parents, and legislators
  • Reflects the concern of society for treating persons with disabilities
  • They are full citizens with the same rights and privileges
• Stipulations of P.L. 94-142

  • Child identification
  • Full service at no cost
  • Due process – right to information and consent before child is evaluated, labeled, or placed in a school
  • Education in the Least Restrictive Environment
  • A written Individualized Educational Plan for each child
• Least Restrictive Environment


  The kind of educational placement that combines two elements: Where child's full potential can be developed and Which is as close to the mainstream as much as is possible
• Mainstreaming


  Allowing children with special needs to study in regular classrooms side-by-side their peers; same curriculum but with provision for their special needs
• Inclusion


  All schools opening up to accept children with special needs for enrolment; providing a warm, welcoming, and accepting community to them
• Normalization


  As a result of special education services, the child is able to live as normally or as well as his or her non-disabled peers – self-sufficiency, self-reliance, functional independence, social & personal competence, etc.
• Individualized Educational Plan


  A written document that details the educational levels of each child and the educational program that he or she will undergo
• P. L. 99-457


  • Early Intervention for Children and their Families
  • Established for preschoolers with handicaps
  • State should provide services to 3 to 5 year old children with handicaps
• Target of P.L. 99-457


  • Children at risk
  • Children with Developmental Delays
• Multidisciplinary Team


  • A group of professionals who work together to provide special services to children with special needs
  • Includes the Sped Teacher, Developmental Pediatrician, Physical Therapist, Occupational Therapist, Speech Therapist
• SPED in the Philippines is only a little more than a hundred years old and was fast tracked only in the past fifteen or so years
• Serving Children with Special Needs in schools nationwide has become widespread, accepted, and welcome only less than two decades to date
• In 2005, approximately 3% (around 200,000) of the estimated 4 to 5M children & youth with special needs were schooled; the number is snowballing
• Important Milestones in SPED in the Philippines

  • 1902 – during the American Regime
  • 1907
  • 1926 to 1949
  • 1950 to 1975
  • 1976 to 2000
• The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines mandates that the State shall protect and promote the right of ALL citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to ALL
• Republic Act No. 7277: Magna Carta for Disabled Persons


  • Provides for the rehabilitation, self-development, and self-reliance of disabled persons and their integration into the mainstream society
  • Chapter 1 – Employment
  • Chapter 2 – Education – Access to quality and special education
  • Chapter 3 – Health
  • Chapter 4 – Auxiliary Social Services
• REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10533 or THE ENHANCED BASIC EDUCATION ACT OF 2013


  • Declaration of policy – the state shall established, maintain and support a complete, adequate, and integrated system of education relevant to the need of the people, the country and society at large
  • Basic education is intended to meet basic learning needsd which provides the foundation on which subsequent learning can be based. It encompasses knindergarten, elementary, and secondary educatin as well as alternative leaning system for out to of school learners and those special needs
  • Enhanced Basic Education program – it emcompasses at least one year of kindergarten education, six (6) years i elementary education, six (6) years in secondary education in that the sequence. Secondary education includes four(4) years of junior hugh school and two (2) years of senior high school education
• R.A. 8371 or the INDIGENOUS PEOPLES RIGHT ACTS (IPRA)


  • An act to recognize protect and promote the rights of indigenous cultural communities (ICC) / Indigenous Peoples (IPs) creating a National Commision or Indigenous Peoples, establishing implementing mechanisms appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes
  • INDIGENOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITIES/ INDIGENOUS PEOPLES (ICC/ IPs) - Refer to a group of people or homogenous societies identified be self- ascription and ascription by others who have continously lived as organized community on community on communally bounded and defined territory
• Rights of Indigenous People under IPRA

  • Rights of ownership over lands, bodies of water traditionally and actually occupied by then, saaced places, traditional gunting and fishing grounds and improvements introduced there on
  • Right to devlop lands and natural resources subject to pre- existing property rughts within the ancestral domains
  • Right to stay in their territories, except when ther have given their free and prior informed consent, and subject to the Philippines power of eminent domain
  • Right to be resettled in sustainable areas should hey be displaced through natural catastrophes
  • Right to regulate entry of migrants
  • Right to safe and clean air and water
  • Right to claim parts of reservation
  • Right to claim resolve land conflicts in accordance with the customary laws of the area where the is is located
• PD 603: The Child and Youth Welfare Code


  • The Council for the Welfare of Children (CWC) was created through Presidential Decree 603, Otherwise known as Child and Youth Welfare Code in 1974
  • It is mandated to cordinate the implementation and enforcement of all laws, formulate, monitor and evaluate policies, programs and meadures for children
• PD 603 amended to RA 9344 - The philippines passed the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006 to ensure the protection and safety of juveniles that commit crimes. Before the act was implemented, children 9 year and older who were arrested waited in jail until sentencing
• The Philippines has the power of eminent domain
• People displaced through natural catastrophes have the right to be resettled in sustainable areas
• Rights of Indigenous People under IPRA

  • Right to regulate entry of migrants
  • Right to safe and clean air and water
  • Right to claim parts of reservation
  • Right to claim resolve land conflicts in accordance with the customary laws of the area where the land is located
• The Council for the Welfare of Children (CWC) was created through Presidential Decree 603, Otherwise known as Child and Youth Welfare Code in 1974
• The CWC is mandated to coordinate the implementation and enforcement of all laws, formulate, monitor and evaluate policies, programs and measures for children
• PD 603 was amended to RA 9344 - The Philippines passed the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006 to ensure the protection and safety of juveniles that commit crimes
• Before the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act was implemented, children 9 years and older who were arrested waited in jail until sentencing
• Emotionally disturbed or socially maladjusted child

  Shall be treated with sympathy and understanding, and shall be entitled to treatment and competent care
• Physically or mentally handicapped child

  Shall be given the treatment, education and care required by his particular condition
• RA 7610 - Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act
• RA 7610 declares it the policy of the State to provide special protection to children from all forms of abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation and discrimination and other conditions, prejudicial their development; provide sanctions for their commission and carry out a program for prevention and deterrence of and crisis intervention in situations of child abuse, exploitation and discrimination
• RA 9344 - Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act


  A system dealing with children at risk and children in conflict with the law, which provides child appropriate proceedings, including programmes and services for preventing, diversion, rehabilitation, reintegration and after care to ensure their normal growth and development
• Child


  A person under the age of eighteen (18) years
• Child at Risk


  A child who is vulnerable to and at the risk of committing criminal offences because of personal, family and social circumstances, such as being abandoned, neglected, or living in a community with a high level of criminality or drug abuse