CC10 Electrolytic Process

• Electrolytes are ionic compounds in either the molten state (liquid) or dissolved in water.
• When an ionic solid is melted or dissolved in water, its ionic bonds break. This allows the ions to move and carry charge (conduct electricity).
• Electrolysis is a process which uses electricity from a DIRECT CURRENT power supply to break down an electrolyte.
• Two electrodes are connected to a direct current and placed in the electrolyte.
• Cations are positively charged ions that move to the negative electrode (cathode).
• Anions are negatively charged ions that move to the positive electrode (anode).
• If cations (metals) are MORE REACTIVE than hydrogen 

  K, Na, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe

  then HYDROGEN is produced
• If anions are HALOGENS 

  chloride Cl-, 

  bromide Br-, 

  iodide I- 

  then the HALOGEN is produced
• If cations (metals) are LESS REACTIVE than hydrogen 

  Cu, Ag, Au

  then the METAL is produced.
• If anions are NOT halogens e.g. sulphate, carbonate, hydroxide

  then OXYGEN is produced.