Fire Hazards

• Fire a rapid oxidation process, which is a chemical reaction resulting in the evolution of light and heat in varying intensities
• Fire is also a corrosion process that occurs very quickly. The "light, heat, and sound are released swiftly which causes the temperatures to rise.
• Common causes of fire

  Kitchen Stoves

  Faulty Wirings

  Smoking in Bed

  Lighting

  Flammable Liquids

  Clothes Dryers

  Candles

  Children
• Fire triangle

  • Fuel - something that will burn
  • Heat - enough to make the fuel burn/source of ignition
  • Air - oxygen
• Eliminating fire requires removal of one or more of its components
• Phases of fire

  • Ignition
  • Growth
  • Fully developed
  • Decay
• Ignition

  Interaction of fuel and oxygen with an external heat source (piloted ignition)

  Spontaneous combustion coming from the internal heat of a material (auto ignition)
• Growth

  Additional fuel is being eaten up by the ignited fire
• Flashover occurs when fuel sources ignite simultaneously or in quick consecutive successions
• Fully developed phase is when all available fuels have been ignited and are now being burned
• Decay

  Fire starts to diminish in size because of oxygen and fuel being used up
• Basic response procedures (continued)1-4

  • Touch doors first to see if they are not warm before opening them
  • Close all openings that can be closed as he/she exits
  • Use the stairs, not the elevators
  • Stay low as he/she exits to prevent inhalation of smoke
• Basic response procedures (continued)5-8

  • Get someone else's attention if it is too difficult to get out of a burning area
  • Locate the exit
  • Evacuate immediately once the fire alarm is heard
  • Pull the fire alarms if the fire is seen
• Basic response procedures (continued)9-12

  • Inform other people in the affected area as he/she vacates the premises
  • Try and extinguish the fire if it is still small and controllable
  • Stay away from the burning area
  • Do not attempt to go inside the burning area
• Basic response procedures (continued)13-16

  • Contact the bureau of fire protection and other emergency hotlines that respond to fire incidents
  • Relay information to those in the surrounding area
  • Organize and participate in bucket relays to help firefighters in extinguishing the fire
  • Listen and follow the orders being relayed by verified emergency response teams
• If an individual is caught on fire, he/she should: Stop, drop, and roll to extinguish the fire; Immediately attend to the burnt wounds to reduce chances of infection
• FIRE TRIANGLE

  Fire is a chemical reaction reaction with three essential elements which are well represented as a triangle.
• Backdraft can sometimes occur during decay when a sudden inflow of air occurs, creating a fire explosion.
• Fire Class A

  • Fires involving ordinary combustible materials that leaves ash such as paper, wood, plastic, rubber, cloth, and trash.
• Fire Class B

  • Fires involving combustible chemicals of liquid and gas such aspetroleum oil, gasoline, paint, propane, and butane.
• Fire Class C

  • Fires involving energized electrical compounds such as electricalappliances, motor equipment, and machines
• Fire Class D

  • Fires involving combustible metals such as potassium, sodium,aluminum, magnesium, and titanium.
• Fire Class K

  • Fires involving combustible household liquids such as cooking oil, animal fat, and grease.
• Fire Extinguisher Types

  • Dry chemical
  • Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF)
  • Hydrochlorofluorocarbon
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Water
  • Dry Powder
  • Wet Chemical
• Dry Chemical Fire Extinguisher Type

  • Fire Class it extinguishes: A, B, C
  • The most common Fire extinguisher used because it can extinguish most fire classes
  • Interacts with the fire triangle by creating a barrier between the oxygen and the fuel source.
• Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) Fire Extinguisher Type

  • Fire Class it extinguishes: A, B
  • AFFF is useful in extinguishing fires with combustiblesolids and liquids.
  • The foam creates a coating that removes the heat and coats the fuel to prevent oxygen contact.
• Hydrochlorofuorocarbon (HCFC) 123 Fire Extinguisher Type

  • Fire Class it extinguishes: A, B, C
  • HCFC 123 is a halogenated or clean agent that extinguishes a fire by interrupting the chemical reactions of the fire.
  • it aiso removes the heat in the fire triangle
• Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguisher Type

  • Fire Class it extinguishes: B, C
  • Most effective in enciosed spaces as it reduces the oxygenconcentration of the area.
  • It also removes heat from itscold discharge.
• Water Fire extinguisher Type

  • Fire Class it extinguishes: A
  • Only useful for salid combustible materials because itinteracts negatively on other fire class types
• Dry powder Fire Extinguisher Type

  • Fire Class it extinguishes: D
  • The only effective extinguisher against class D fires.
  • It extinguishes the fire by removing the heat in the firetriange.
• Wet Chemical Fire Extinguisher Type

  • Fire Class it extinguishes: K
  • Wet chemicals were developed specifically for class K firesfor areas highly vulnerable to these classes of fires suctas restaurants.
  • They extinguish the fire by preventing oxygen from interacting with the fuel source.
• How to use Fire extinguishers

  P -Pull the pin

  A -Aim at the base of the fire.

  S -Squeeze the handle

  S -Sweep at the fire