Prokaryotic cells & virus structures

    Cards (17)

    • Prokaryotic cells
      • Smaller in size
      • No membrane-bound organelles
      • Have ribosomes but they are smaller in size
      • No nucleus
      • Have a cell wall made of murein
      • May contain plasmids
      • May have a capsule
      • May have flagella
    • Organelles found in eukaryotic cells
      • Mitochondria
      • Chloroplasts
      • Endoplasmic reticulum
      • Golgi apparatus
      • Nucleus
    • Ribosomes
      Small structures made of proteins and rRNA that are responsible for protein synthesis
    • Ribosomes in prokaryotic cells
      • 70S ribosomes
      • Smaller in size
    • Ribosomes in eukaryotic cells
      • 80S ribosomes
      • Larger in size
      • Eukaryotic cells also have 70S ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts
    • Nucleus in eukaryotic cells
      • Nuclear envelope with pores
      • Nucleoplasm
      • Linear chromosomes with histones
      • Nucleolus
    • Genetic material in prokaryotic cells

      • Circular DNA without histones
    • Cell walls
      • Eukaryotic cells: Cellulose in plants, Chitin in fungi
      Prokaryotic cells: Murein
    • Plasmids
      • Small loops of additional DNA in some prokaryotic cells, often carrying antibiotic resistance genes
    • Capsule
      • Thick slimy layer outside the cell wall in some prokaryotic cells, protects against desiccation and immune system
    • Flagella
      • Rotating tail-like structures that propel some prokaryotic cells
    • Virus particle
      Much smaller than a bacterial cell, ranging from 20-300 nanometers in length, can have different shapes but are often broadly spherical
    • Virus life cycle
      1. Virus particle attaches to host cell surface
      2. Virus enters host cell
      3. Virus uses host cell's enzymes to produce copies of itself
      4. New virus particles leave host cell and can infect new host cells
    • Virus structure
      • Contains genetic material (DNA or RNA)
      • Genetic material is contained inside a protein structure called a capsid
      • Has attachment proteins on surface to allow attachment and entry into host cell
      • Some viruses have a lipid envelope surrounding the capsid, formed from the host cell membrane
    • Viruses are not cells
    • Viruses cannot reproduce independently, they must invade a host cell and use the host cell's enzymes to make copies of themselves
    • Viruses are not considered living organisms
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