Animal coordination, control and homeostasis

• What’s the Adrenal gland ?

  A gland located on top of a kidney that produces the hormone Adrenalin

  it can be referred to as an adrenal
• What’s the Endocrine Gland ?

  An organ that makes and releases hormones into the blood
• What’s a Hormone

  A Chemical messenger that is released into the blood from an endocrine gland and causes target cells to change how they work
• What’s the Hormonal system ?

  The collection of Glands in the body that release hormones

  this system controls long term or widespread responses by the body to changes inside or outside the body
• What’s an ovary ?

  Organ in the female reproductive system that releases egg cells and the hormones oestrogen and progesterone
• What’s the pituitary Gland ?

  An organ just below the brain that controls many activities of the body (e.g. metabolic rate and the menstrual cycle) by the release of hormones into the blood
• What’s the thyroid gland ?

  A gland that releases the hormone thyroxine into the blood
• What’s Adrenalin ?

  A hormone that is released from the adrenal glands when you’re nervous or excited
• whats homeostasis ?

  keeping conditions inside your body the same
• whats the processing Centre ?

  part of a control system that decides a response to stimulus
• whats an effector ?

  part of a control system that works to produce a change
• whats negative feedback ?

  when a change in a system triggers an action that will reverse it
• whats respiration ?

  reaction inside cells that provides energy for life and body heat
• whats a core ?

  the deeper central parts of the body where temperature is 37 degrees
• what are extremities ?

  the outer parts of the body such as hands and feet that can be cooler
• whats the hypothalamus ?

  control Centre in the brain that regulates body temperature
• whats vasodilation ?

  blood vessels near skin surface widen, increasing heat loss from skin
• whats vasoconstriction ?

  blood vessels near skin surface narrow so heat loss is decreased
• what are enzymes ?

  biological catalysts found in living things that are made from protein
• whats the lock and key theory ?

  idea that enzymes precisely fit the specific molecules they work on
• whats an active site ?

  area on an enzymes that molecules they work on fit into
• whats the optimum ?

  the ideal temperature or PH that maximises rate of enzyme reactions
• what does denatured mean ?

  when enzymes are irreversibly damaged by heat, and no longer work
• whats urea ?

  toxic chemical produced when the liver breaks down amino acids
• whats filtration ?

  process by which kidneys remove urea, salt and water from the blood
• whats selective reabsorption ?

  process by which water, glucose and other substances are returned to the blood by the kidneys as required
• whats urine ?

  liquid mixture of filtered urea, salt and water excreted by the kidneys
• whats ADH ?

  hormone that controls the amount of water excreted in our urine
• whats the pituitary gland

  the gland that produces anti diuretic hormone (ADH)
• whats decomposition ?

  the process by which bacteria and fungi break dead organisms into their single compounds
• whats phototropism ?

  growth in response to the stimulus of light ?
• whats gravitropism ?

  a growth response to the stimulus of gravity
• what are auxins ?

  a group of plant hormones that affect the growth and elongation of cells
• whats a flight or fight response ?

  several responses that prepare the body for sudden action including increased heart rate, increased blood flow to muscles and release of glucose into blood
• whats glycogen ?

  a polymer storage material made from glucose, particularly in liver cells
• whats metabolic rate ?

  the overall rate at which chemical reactions take place in the body
• whats negative feedback ?

  a control mechanism in which a change in a condition, such as temperature, causes the opposite change to happen and so brings the condition back to a normal level
• whats thyroxine ?

  a hormone released by the thyroid gland, which affects metabolic rate by changing how certain cells work (e.g. causes heart cells to contract more strongly)
• whats the menstrual cycle ?

  a monthly cycle involving the reproductive organs in women
• whats menstruation ?

  the breakdown and loss of the thickened part of the uterus lining at the start of a woman's menstrual cycle