voting behaviour

• What has historically been a major influence on voting behavior?

  Social class
• How do upper-class voters typically lean politically?

  Conservative
• Which class is traditionally associated with Labour voting?

  Working class
• What is the voting behavior of middle-class voters?

  Swing voters
• What trend has been observed in class voting since the 1960s?

  Class voting declined
• In 2019, which class did Conservatives fail to gain support from?

  Working class and unemployed
• What are some reasons for class dealignment?

  Weaker class identity and rise of other factors
• How do issues like Brexit affect class voting?

  They cut through class lines
• How have gender influences on voting behavior changed?

  Smaller influences than class
• Historically, which way did women lean in voting?

  Slightly more conservative
• What were the gender differences in voting in 2019?

  Minimal differences
• How do parties tailor their campaigns regarding gender?

  To appeal to women
• What issue priorities might differ between genders?

  Women focus more on health and education
• How has education influenced voting behavior?

  It has become a key political divide
• Which group is more likely to vote Labour or Lib Dem?

  Degree holders
• Who is more likely to vote Conservative?

  No qualifications holders
• How does education rival class in predicting vote choice?

  It explains some working-class support for Conservatives
• What is the voting trend among the 18-24 age group?

  Mostly Labour
• Which age group strongly supports Conservatives?

  65+
• At what age do Conservatives overtake Labour in support?

  Around age 29
• How does age influence voter turnout?

  Older people are more likely to vote
• What is the voting trend among ethnic minorities?

  They tend to support Labour
• What factors influence ethnic minority voting behavior?

  Urban location, working-class roots, discrimination
• What recent trend has been observed among affluent ethnic groups?

  Leaning towards Conservatives
• What does BAME stand for?

  Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic groups
• Where is Labour strong in the UK?

  In cities like London and Wales
• Where are Conservatives strong in the UK?

  Across England including the North
• Which party is strong in Scotland?

  SNP
• What does regional variation reflect in voting behavior?

  Voter turnout
• What has been the voter turnout trend over the decades?

  70% for decades
• What was the voter turnout in 2019?

  69%
• What is the projected voter turnout for 2024?

  60%
• How does lower voter turnout affect democracy?

  Weakens democratic legitimacy
• What factors are strongly linked to voter turnout?

  Age, class, and regions
• Who is more likely to vote, young or older citizens?

  Older citizens
• What are common reasons for non-voting?

  Apathy or feeling politics has little impact
• What is voter disillusionment?

  Feeling that politics has little impact
• What are the key factors influencing voting behavior?

  • Social class
  • Gender
  • Education
  • Age
  • Ethnicity
  • Region
• What are the main types of voting behavior theories?

  • Rational choice
  • Issue voting
  • Valence politics
  • Manifestos and mandates
  • Party leaders' image
  • Tactical voting
• What is rational choice in voting behavior?

  Voters make decisions based on personal benefit