key thinkers

• Who are the most famous revolutionary socialists?

  Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
• What is central to socialism according to Marx and Engels?

  Social class
• What does human nature depend on according to Marx and Engels?

  Social conditions
• What are the key works of Marx and Engels?

  The Communist Manifesto and Capital
• What does historical materialism explain?

  Development through economic and class factors
• What is dialectical change?

  Development through conflict between opposing forces
• What drives historical change according to Marx and Engels?

  Class conflict
• What is class consciousness?

  Awareness of social class interests
• What must the proletariat become before a socialist revolution?

  A class for itself
• How do Marx and Engels view human behavior?

  As socially influenced
• What do Marx and Engels believe is necessary for true human potential?

  A communist society
• What does Marx argue must be abolished for individual development?

  Private property and class differences
• What is Beatrice Webb's key idea about establishing socialism?

  It can be achieved gradually through reforms
• What did Webb believe about the average voter?

  They are limited and uninformed
• What did Webb and her husband believe was critical for delivering socialism?

  Expansion of the state
• What did Webb think about the role of specialists in socialism?

  They are essential for organization
• What did Rosa Luxemburg argue about revolutionary socialism?

  It is necessary due to capitalism's exploitation
• What did Luxemburg believe about the proletariat's struggle?

  It creates class consciousness
• What did Luxemburg argue against in her critiques?

  Evolutionary socialism and revisionism
• What did Crosland claim about modern capitalism?

  It lacks inherent contradictions
• What is Crosland's view on socialism's aim?

  To manage capitalism for social equality
• What did Crosland argue about education?

  It should be comprehensive for all backgrounds
• What is Giddens' concept of the 'third way'?

  A new approach to social democracy
• What does Giddens reject in his political approach?

  State intervention in the economy
• What does Giddens emphasize as essential for fairness in the market?

  Equal opportunity for all
• What does Giddens believe about community in the third way?

  It promotes social cohesion and responsibility
• What does Giddens argue about the role of the state?

  It should invest in social infrastructure
• What does Giddens say about dependency culture?

  It is encouraged by extensive state welfare
• What is the relationship between the state and citizens in Giddens' view?

  A contract for mutual responsibility