weberian

• Barron and Norris

  Dual labour market:

  Primary sector - dominated by white men.

  secondary sector - dominated by ethnic minorities due to low cultural status.

  Ethnic minorities are stuck in this market because employers hold racist views of black and asian people
• Rex and Tomlinson

  Ethnic minorities face both class and status inequality, which can lead to poverty. This creates a marginalised black underclass which is alienated and frustrated, leading to feelings erupting in riots, especially when black individuals feel harassed by police. e.g. 2011 london riots sparked by police shooting of Mark Duggan, which occured due to long standing tensions of stop and search and institutional racism
• Parkin

  Negatively privileged status groups - Status groups aim for social closure, trying to maintain their privileges by excluding others. This means that power and status remain with the majority ethnic group, making it difficult for minorities to compete equally for resources
• Weber

  • Vertical segregation - ethnic minorities under represented in high status, well paid positions, and are more concentrated in low level, less secure jobs. This can occur due to institutional racism and the glass ceiling
  • Horizontal segregation - ethnic minorities are concentrated in sectors like transport, care work or hospitality, while underrepresented in fields like law and finance, reflecting unequal access to status and power