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• Athletics originated in Athens, Greece


  776 BC
• Athletics is considered the oldest sport in the world
• Baron Fier Coubertin


  Father of Athletics
• Athletics


  Contests, from the Greek word Athlos
• Running events up to 10000 m

  • Conducted on a 400 m track
  • Track made with rubber surface to improve grip and lessen risk of slipping
• Track


  • Elongated oval shape, consisting of a semi-circle at either end and two straight segments joining the semi-circles together
  • Split into eight lanes which circle around an inner field used for throwing and jumping events
• Running event categories


  • Short distance races
  • Middle distance races
  • Long distance races
• 100 m


  • Shortest running event, requires athlete to start well with immense power and speed
• 200 m


  • Requires instant acceleration and stamina to maintain speed
• 400 m


  • Requires powerful start, maintaining stamina and energy for a sprinting finish
• 800 m


  • Requires good speed combined with endurance, runners must stay in their lane until first curve
• 1500 m


  • Requires endurance to maintain speed and have energy for final push to finish
• 3000 m


  • Run by runners comfortable at 1500 m and 5000 m
• 3000 m Steeplechase


  • 3000 m race with obstacles including 28 barriers and 7 water jumps
• 5000 m


  • Requires extreme endurance and aerobic training, athletes start steadily to conserve energy
• 10000 m


  • Longest track event, requires intense training to build stamina and mental determination
• Relay


  • Most commonly 4 x 100 m, contestants can change lanes except first runner
• 110 m hurdles


  • 10 hurdles at 1.067 m high, first hurdle 13.72 m from start, 9.14 m between hurdles
• 100 m hurdles


  • 10 hurdles at 84 cm high, first hurdle 13 m from start, 8.50 m between hurdles
• 400 m hurdles


  • 10 hurdles at 91.44 cm for men, 76.20 cm for women, first hurdle 45 m from start, 35 m between hurdles
• High jump


  • Athletes sprint down runway, jump vertically over horizontal bar onto cushioned mattress, most common method is 'Fosbury Flop'
• Pole vault


  • Athletes sprint down runway, plant pole in box to power over horizontal bar
• Long jump


  • Athletes sprint down runway, jump off raised platform into sand, distance measured from first mark in sand
• Triple jump


  • Hop, step and jump, athlete must land on same foot as started sprinting on for hop
• Discus


  • Athlete throws disc-shaped object using spinning technique, must throw from within marked circle
• Shot put


  • Athlete throws extremely heavy ball using leg strength, must throw from within marked circle
• Javelin


  • Athlete throws long spiked pole, must hold grip and throw over shoulder or upper arm, must land tip first
• Shot Put


  • Requires perhaps more strength than any other athletic event
  • The athlete is required to begin the throw from a stationary position within a marked circle and must throw the shot using one hand only
  • The contestant is disqualified if they leave the marked circle before the shot has touched the ground
• Javelin


  • Combines speed with great strength, requiring the athlete to throw a long spiked pole as far as possible across the field
  • The javelin has a grip, part way along the pole, which the athlete must hold on to when throwing
  • The javelin is thrown by an arm extended backwards, being thrown over the shoulder or upper part of the arm
  • For the throw to count, the javelin must land with the tip (front part of the javelin) hitting the ground before the tail (back part of the javelin)
  • If the athlete turns their back to the throwing line during the throw or crosses the line during or after the throw, the throw is classified as a fail
• Hammer


  • The 'hammer' is an extremely heavy metal ball weighing 7.2kg which is attached to a handle by a steel wire
  • The hammer event requires the contestant to have extreme strength and excellent technique, in order to throw the metal ball across the field
  • When making the throw the contestant must stand within a designated area, marked by a circle
  • If the athlete steps out of the circle during the throw or before the hammer lands, the throw is classified as a fail
• Badminton


  • A development of a game once played in India called Poona
  • Brought to England by English army officers in the 1860s
  • Once known as Battledore and also Shuttlecock
  • The Duke of Beaufort introduced the game in the Town of "Badminton"
  • England is principal home of Badminton
  • Indonesia is highly ranked in the world
• Badminton Equipment and Facilities

  • Court
  • Net
  • Post
  • Racket
  • Shuttlecock
• Badminton Court


  • The court is rectangular and divided into halves by a net
  • Courts are usually marked for both singles and doubles play
  • The doubles court is wider but shorter than the singles court
• Badminton Racket


  Lightweight, with top quality racquets weighing between 70 and 95 grams (2.5 and 3.4 ounces) not including grip or strings
• Shuttlecock


  • A high-drag projectile, with an open conical shape
  • The cone is formed from sixteen overlapping feathers embedded into a rounded cork base
• Badminton Service


  1. The server serves, the shuttlecock must pass over the short service line on the opponents' court or it will count as a fault

  2. At the start of the rally, the server and the receiver stand in diagonally opposite service courts

  3. A badminton serve must be hit below waist height and with the racket shaft pointing downwards, the shuttlecock is not allowed to bounce

  4. The players stand inside their service courts

  5. In singles, the server stands in their right service court when their score is even, and in her/his left service court when her/his score is odd
• Badminton Grip


  • Forehand - with the racket head perpendicular to the floor, shake hands with the grip so the "V" formed by the thumb and forefinger is on the top of the handle
  • Backhand - using a forehand grip, rotate the hand slightly so the thumb is along and parallel to the wide side of the handle
• Badminton Strokes


  • All the strokes can be played either Forehand and Backhand
  • Forehand strokes are hit with the front of the hand leading (like hitting with the palm)
  • Backhand Strokes are hit with the back of the hand leading (like hitting with the knuckles)
• Badminton Smash


  • The most potent of all badminton shots
  • Can be played both on the forehand and backhand sides
  • Hit with power and speed downward to your opponents court
• Badminton Clear


  • Backhand and Forehand Clear
  • The purpose of the forehand clear is used to force your opponent to the rear court
  • Can be played as an attacking shot or as a defensive shot
  • The attacking clear is hit faster and flatter into the rear corners