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AQA GCSE Chemistry
Paper 2
C6 - The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change
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Cards (48)
How is the rate of reaction calculated using the amount of reactant or product?
Amount of reactant
used
or product
formed
/
time
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What is the formula for rate of reaction in mol/s?
Moles
of
reactant
used or
product
formed /
time
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What units can be used for rate of reaction?
g/s
,
cm3/s
, or
mol/s
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What are three common ways of measuring the rate of reaction?
Loss in
mass
of
reactants
Volume
of
gas
produced
Time for a solution to become
opaque
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How is the rate of reaction measured by monitoring mass loss?
Record decrease in mass in
time intervals
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What type of gas cannot be monitored by mass loss?
Hydrogen
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How is the rate of reaction measured by monitoring the volume of gas produced?
Measure gas volume formed in
time intervals
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How is the rate of reaction measured by monitoring the disappearance of a cross?
Measure time for mixture to
conceal
cross
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How can the rate of reaction be found at some time from a graph of amount of reactant vs time?
Find the
tangent
to the
curve
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What does a steeper tangent line on a graph of amount of reactant vs time indicate?
Faster
rate of reaction
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How is the gradient of a tangent expressed?
Change in y values
/
change in x values
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What five factors affect the rate of a chemical reaction?
Concentration
of
reactants
Pressure
of
gases
(
volume
)
Surface area
Temperature
Catalysts
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According to collision theory, when do chemical reactions occur?
Particles
collide with
sufficient
energy
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What is required for reacting particles to have a successful collision?
Sufficient
energy, or more than
activation
energy
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How does increasing temperature affect the rate of reaction?
Increases
the rate of reaction
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How does increasing temperature affect the kinetic energy of particles?
Kinetic energy of particles
increases
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How does increasing temperature affect the frequency of collisions?
They collide
more
frequently
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How is the relationship between temperature and rate of reaction described?
Not
directly proportional
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How does increasing concentration affect the rate of reaction?
Increases
the rate of reaction
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How does increasing concentration affect the frequency of collisions?
More
frequent collisions
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How does increasing pressure of a gas affect the rate of reaction?
Increases
the rate of reaction
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What is the effect of increasing pressure on the number of gas molecules?
Increases
gas molecules in the
same volume
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How does increasing the pressure of reacting gases affect the frequency of collisions?
Increases
the frequency of collisions
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What is the relationship between volume and pressure?
Inversely proportional
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What effect does increasing volume have on reaction rate?
Retards
the reaction
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How does increasing surface area affect the rate of reaction?
Increases
the rate of reaction
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How does increasing surface area of solid reactants affect the frequency of collisions?
Increases
the frequency of collisions
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What happens to solid reactants in smaller pieces?
They have a greater
surface area
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How does a catalyst increase the rate of reaction?
Provides a different
pathway
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What happens to a catalyst during a reaction?
Is not
used
up
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How does a catalyst affect activation energy?
Lowers
activation energy
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How is the maximum of the curve affected in a reaction profile for a catalyzed reaction?
Lower
maximum
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What molecule acts as a catalyst in a biological system?
An
enzyme
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What happens in a reversible reaction?
Products react
backwards
to produce
reactants
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Under what conditions is dynamic equilibrium reached?
Forward
and
reverse
reactions occur at the same
rate
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Under what conditions is dynamic equilibrium reached regarding concentrations?
Concentrations of
reactants
and
products
remain
constant
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In what type of system does dynamic equilibrium occur?
Closed
system
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What does Le Chatelier's Principle state?
System
counteracts
change to restore
equilibrium
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What happens to the system if the concentration of a reactant is increased?
More
products
will be formed
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What happens to the system if the concentration of a product is decreased?
More
reactants
will react
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