Water insecurity

• What is the main topic discussed in the study material?

  Water insecurity
• What causes water insecurity according to the material?

  Many factors come together to cause it
• What factors affect water availability?

  • Climate
  • Geography
  • Economic development
  • Population growth
• How does climate affect water availability?

  It relies on rainfall feeding lakes and rivers
• What happens to water when climates are hot?

  Water is lost from lakes and rivers due to evaporation
• What is the impact of climate change on rainfall?

  It alters the total amount of rainfall
• What is a consequence of dry areas getting drier?

  Increased risk of droughts
• How does geology affect water availability?

  It determines how rainwater soaks into the ground
• What happens when rain falls on impermeable rock?

  It flows off into rivers and lakes
• Why is water from permeable rock easier to obtain?

  It flows down through the rock and collects
• What is the effect of urbanization on water infrastructure?

  It limits the speed of building water systems
• What is over-abstraction of water?

  Using more water than is being replaced
• What contributes to over-abstraction?

  Population growth and economic development
• How do improvements in sanitation affect water use?

  They increase the frequency of water use
• What is the impact of high demand from businesses on water sources?

  It stresses water supplies in certain areas
• What is a major problem related to water pollution?

  It reduces the amount of clean water available
• How does industrial waste affect water sources?

  It contaminates rivers and lakes
• What is the relationship between human waste and water sources?

  It can lead to contamination of water supplies
• What is a challenge for water sources in rapidly industrializing countries?

  High levels of industrial waste dumped into rivers
• Why is sharing water sources a hazard?

  It can lead to conflicts over water access
• How does limited access to sanitation affect water sources?

  It increases the risk of contamination
• What is the effect of limited infrastructure on water availability?

  It restricts the ability to supply water
• How can groundwater make water available in dry places?

  It can store water underground for use
• What is the significance of aquifers in water supply?

  They store water for use in dry regions
• What is the Sahara Desert's relevance to water availability?

  It illustrates groundwater's importance in dry areas
• What is the impact of urbanization on water infrastructure?

  It complicates the construction of water systems
• How does rapid urbanization affect water availability?

  It increases demand and stresses water supplies
• What is a consequence of limited infrastructure in urban areas?

  It leads to inadequate water supply
• How does population growth affect water resources?

  It increases the demand for water
• What is the relationship between economic development and water use?

  Economic growth often leads to increased water demand
• What is the effect of high demand from tourism on water sources?

  It stresses water supplies in certain areas
• How does water pollution affect water availability?

  It reduces the amount of clean water available
• What is the impact of industrial waste on water sources?

  It contaminates rivers and lakes
• What is a major problem related to water pollution?

  It reduces the amount of clean water available
• How does human waste affect water sources?

  It can lead to contamination of water supplies
• What is the relationship between human waste and water sources?

  It can lead to contamination of water supplies
• What is a challenge for water sources in rapidly industrializing countries?

  High levels of industrial waste dumped into rivers
• Why is sharing water sources a hazard?

  It can lead to conflicts over water access
• How does limited access to sanitation affect water sources?

  It increases the risk of contamination
• What is the effect of limited infrastructure on water availability?

  It restricts the ability to supply water