anatomy

• Shoulder joint


  • Between the rounded head of the humerus and the shallow, pear-shaped glenoid cavity of the scapula
  • Covered by hyaline articular cartilage
  • Synovial ball-and-socket joint
  • Strengthened by the rotator cuff muscles
  • Attached medially to the margin of the glenoid cavity
  • Attached laterally to the anatomic neck of the humerus
  • Thin and lax
• Ligaments of the shoulder joint


  • Glenohumeral Ligaments (3)
  • Transverse Humeral Ligament
  • Coracohumeral Ligament
  • Coracoacromial Ligament
• Shoulder joint movements


  1. Flexion (about 90°)

  2. Extension (about 45°)

  3. Abduction

  4. Adduction (can swing 45° across the front of the chest)

  5. Lateral rotation (40° to 45°)

  6. Medial rotation (about 55°)

  7. Circumduction (combination of the above movements)
• Humerus


  Articulates with the scapula at the shoulder joint and with the radius and ulna at the elbow joint
• Parts of the humerus

  • Head
  • Anatomic vs. Surgical Neck
  • Greater & Lesser Tubercles
  • Intertubercular / Bicipital Groove
  • Shaft
  • Deltoid Tuberosity
  • Radial / Spiral Groove
  • Medial and lateral supracondylar ridges
  • Medial and lateral epicondyles
  • Capitulum
  • Trochlea
  • Radial Fossa
  • Coronoid Fossa
  • Olecranon Fossa
• Radius


  • Lateral bone of the forearm
  • Proximal: humerus at elbow joint, ulna at proximal radioulnar joint
  • Distal: ulna at the distal radioulnar joint, scaphoid and lunate bones of the hand at the wrist joint
• Parts of the proximal radius

  • Head
  • Neck
  • Bicipital tuberosity
• Radius shaft


  • Interosseous crest (medial)
  • Pronator tubercle (lateral)
• Parts of the distal radius


  • Styloid process
  • Ulnar notch
  • Inferior articular surface
  • Dorsal tubercle
• Ulna


  • Medial bone of the forearm
  • Proximal: humerus at the elbow joint, radius at the proximal radioulnar joint
  • Distal: radius at the distal radioulnar joint, but it is excluded from the wrist joint by the articular disc
• Parts of the proximal ulna

  • Olecranon process
  • Trochlear notch
  • Coronoid process
  • Radial notch
• Ulna shaft


  • Interosseous border (lateral)
  • Posterior border
  • Supinator crest
• Parts of the distal ulna

  • Head
  • Styloid Process
• Interosseous membrane


  • Strong membrane that unites the shafts of the radius and the ulna
  • Fibers run obliquely downward and medially; taut when forearm is in midprone position (function)
  • Provides attachment for neighboring muscles
• SHOULDER JOINT

  • between the rounded head of the

  humerus and the shallow, pear￾shaped glenoid cavity of the

  scapula

  • covered by hyaline articular

  cartilage

  • synovial ball-and-socket joint
• Flexion:

  about 90°

  performed by the anterior fibers of the deltoid,

  pectoralis major, biceps, and coracobrachialis muscles
• • Extension:

  about 45°

  performed by the posterior fibers of the deltoid,

  latissimus dorsi, and teres major muscles
• Abduction:

  performed by the middle fibers of the deltoid, assisted

  by the supraspinatus
• • Adduction:

  can swing 45° across the front of the chest

  performed by the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi,

  teres major, and teres minor muscles
• Lateral rotation:

  40° to 45°

  performed by the infraspinatus, teres minor, and

  posterior fibers of the deltoid muscle
• Medial rotation:

  about 55°

  performed by subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, teres major,

  and anterior fibers of the deltoid muscle
• Anatomy


  The study of the structure of living things
• Anatomy originates from the Late Latin word 'anatomia' meaning 'dissection', and the Greek word 'anatemnein' meaning 'to dissect' or 'to cut'
• The art of separating the parts of an organism in order to ascertain their position, relations, structure, and function
• Significance of descriptive anatomic terms

  • Greatly assists in the learning process
  • Enables communication with colleagues both nationally and internationally
  • Accurate discussion or recording of the abnormal functions of joints, the actions of muscles, the alteration of position of organs, or the exact location of swellings or tumors
• Anatomic position


  Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away from the body
• Imaginary planes of the body


  • Frontal (Coronal) plane
  • Sagittal plane
  • Midsagittal plane
  • Transverse (Horizontal) plane
• Terms related to position


  • Anterior (Ventral) - Posterior (Dorsal)
  • Palmar - Dorsal; Plantar - Dorsal
  • Medial - Lateral
  • Proximal - Distal
  • Superior (Cranial) - Inferior (Caudal)
  • Superficial (External) - Deep (Internal)
  • Ipsilateral - Contralateral
  • Supine position - Prone position
• Terms related to movement


  • Flexion - Extension - Lateral Flexion
  • Abduction - Adduction
  • Medial rotation - Lateral rotation
  • Pronation - Supination
  • Circumduction
  • Protraction - Retraction
  • Inversion - Eversion
• Shoulder joint


  • Between the rounded head of the humerus and the shallow, pear-shaped glenoid cavity of the scapula
  • Covered by hyaline articular cartilage
  • Synovial ball-and-socket joint
  • Strengthened by the rotator cuff muscles
  • Attached medially to the margin of the glenoid cavity
  • Attached laterally to the anatomic neck of the humerus
  • Thin and lax
• Ligaments of the shoulder joint

  • Glenohumeral Ligaments (3)
  • Transverse Humeral Ligament
  • Coracohumeral Ligament
  • Coracoacromial Ligament
• Shoulder joint movements

  1. Flexion (about 90°)

  2. Extension (about 45°)

  3. Abduction

  4. Adduction (can swing 45° across the front of the chest)

  5. Lateral rotation (40° to 45°)

  6. Medial rotation (about 55°)

  7. Circumduction (combination of the above movements)
• Humerus


  Articulates with the scapula at the shoulder joint and with the radius and ulna at the elbow joint
• Parts of the humerus

  • Head
  • Anatomic vs. Surgical Neck
  • Greater & Lesser Tubercles
  • Intertubercular / Bicipital Groove
  • Shaft
  • Deltoid Tuberosity
  • Radial / Spiral Groove
  • Medial and lateral supracondylar ridges
  • Medial and lateral epicondyles
  • Capitulum
  • Trochlea
  • Radial Fossa
  • Coronoid Fossa
  • Olecranon Fossa
• Radius

  • Lateral bone of the forearm
  • Proximal: humerus at elbow joint, ulna at proximal radioulnar joint
  • Distal: ulna at the distal radioulnar joint, scaphoid and lunate bones of the hand at the wrist joint
• Parts of the proximal radius

  • Head
  • Neck
  • Bicipital tuberosity
• Kathleen Juline C. Serato DMD MMPHA


  Name
• Gen Ana I


  Subject
• Radius shaft


  • Interosseous crest (medial)
  • Pronator tubercle (lateral)
• Upper Arm


  • Enclosed in a sheath of deep fascia
  • 2 fascial septa: on the medial side, on the lateral side
  • 2 fascial compartments: Anterior fascial compartment, Posterior fascial compartment