Extension

• Good manager


  • Have authority
  • Act in the best interest of the organization
  • Treat employees fairly
  • Motivate their team
  • Create an atmosphere of team spirit
• Think of the "End scenario"


  Long-term outcome result of good planning or management
• Levels of Management

  • Upper Management
  • Middle Management
  • Lower Management
• Management skills


  • Ability to delegate (to assign tasks)
  • Ability to plan
  • Ability to communicate (express)
  • Ability to motivate (keeping moral and hopes high)
• Scope of Management

  • Production Management (Produce output)
  • Marketing Management (how we sell)
  • Financial Management (handle of money)
  • Human Resource Management
• Functions of Management

  • Planning and Organising
  • Staffing, Directing, Coordinating
  • Reporting and Budgeting
• Approaches to Management Studies

  • Public
  • Private
  • NGOs
• Behavioural Theory

  Contingency theory
• Leadership Style

  • Autocratic - (quick, firm)
  • Democratic - (teamwork, for seek)
  • Non-interventionist - (Competent team)
• Leadership


  • The action of leading a group
  • The act of giving direction to an org.
• Motivation


  The will or desire to achieve a goal
• "Boss - the man earning when you are early, even when he's late."
• Good traits


  • A leader's personality traits (trait theory)
• Importance of Motivation

  • Improves employee job satisfaction
  • Encourages employees to complete tasks on time
  • Improves the quality of employees work
• Motivation Theories

  • Maslow
  • Herzberg
  • Vroom
  • Stacey Adams
• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

  • Self Actualization
  • Esteem
  • Belonging
  • Safety
  • Physiological
• Why should we use extension programs?

  
  

  • Designed for specific target client base
  • Continuous education and development
  • Generate lasting change for client base
• Group Dynamics

  • Diversity
  • Creative Ideas
  • COnflict
• Principles of Planning

  • Make decisions based on facts
  • Seek stakeholders who understands issues
  • Communication for harmony
  • Set specific targets
  • Identify root causes of problems
  • Aim for sustainable and lasting change
  • Evaluate progress and continuously adjust plan
• Facts


  Based on numbers and truth figures
• The Program Planning Cycle

  • Situation analysis
  • Programme objective
  • Implementation
  • Evaluation
  • Reconsideration
• Average age today is 60
• How to involve farmers

  • Farmer days or workshops
  • Advertising (radio, newspaper, social media)
• Organisational Change


  • Change is needed for development - Adapt to changing circumstances
  • Organisational survival
• How to manage organisational change

  1. Resistance to change = conflict

  2. Manager makes decisions to drive change

  3. Coordination with stakeholders
• Why do we involve farmers?
• Tools in Programme Planning Cycle

  • Needs Assessment
  • Resource Mobilisation
  • Action Plan
• Time Management


  • Allocating a realistic amount of time to tasks
  • Defining and setting goals (short-, medium-, long-term)
  • Tracking progress
  • Avoiding time wasters
  • Delegating, planning, organising, and prioritising
  • Analysing energy allocation
  • Reviewing your own progress
• Time wasters are anything that steals time from your work
• Time wasters


  • Procrastination
  • Constant interruptions (calls, chats, meetings)
  • Bad planning
  • Not Delegating tasks
• Human Resource Management Functions

  • Job analysis, recruiting, hiring
  • In-house conflict resolution
  • Employment law and employee rights
  • Labour relations
  • Assist employees to adapt
  • International human resource management
• Organisational Control


  Allows manager to: Measure progress, Give feedback, Direct team to succeed
• Why organisational control?


  • Alerts manager to problems
  • Better decision making
• Control Process

  • Collect information
  • Allocate resources
  • Evaluate resources
  • Regulate resources
• Methods of Control

  • Policies and procedures
  • Feedback
  • Project progress
• Obstacles to Control

  • Lack of resources
  • Ineffective measuring techniques
  • Time Lag
  • Limited capacity to analyse Information
• Pluralism in extension


  Advantage: more resources for services
• Types of Extension Services

  • Private
  • Public
• MIS in Extension


  • Farm records
  • Allows you to check the effectiveness of tools and methods
  • The basis for adjusting and improving programmes
  • National averages
  • Production on farms
  • Market trends
• Why is monitoring and evaluation important?

  • Check if the extension programme is successful
  • Gathers information and evaluates it