Cells + Magnification

• Magnification equation

  Magnification= Eyepiece M x Objective M
• What can light microscopes view to?

  x2000
• What is used to view smaller objects?

  Electron microscope
• What is the flaw about electron microscopes?

  They can only view dead material
• What is staining used for?

  To make cells more visible under a microscope
• What is used to stain plant cells?

  Iodine
• What is used to stain animal cells?

  Methlyne blue
• What is used to stain bacterial cells?

  Gram stain
• What is in an animal cell?

  Mitochondria, nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
• What is in a plant cell?

  Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, vacuole
• What is the use of the nucleus?

  It contains chromosomes which carry genetic information and it controls the activities of the cell.
• What does the cell membrane do?

  It controls the entry and exit of substances
• What is the use of the cytoplasm?

  It is the place of most cellular reactions
• What is the use of the mitochondria?

  It is the site of aerobic respiration
• What is the use of the cell wall?

  It contains cellulose and it provides structural support for plant cells
• What is the use of chloroplasts?

  It is the site of photosynthesis
• What is the use of the vacuole?

  It contains a watery, sugary solution (sap), it also makes the cell wall firm by swelling and pushing all the contents in the cell against the cell wall.
• What are specialised cells?

  Cells that have specific structures and functions to carry out specific tasks in the body.
• How do cells become specialised cells?

  They differentiate
• How have red blood cells became specialised cells?

  The contain haemoglobin and they are biconcave in shape which maximises the efficiency of carrying oxygen.
• How are sperm cells specialised?

  They have tails which makes it easier to swim fast to the egg cell
• What are cells?

  The smallest unit of life
• What are tissues?

  Groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.
• What are organs?

  Different tissues that work together to perform a specific function
• What is an organ system?

  Organs working together
• What is an organism?

  A living thing
• Light microscope components

  • Eyepiece lens
  • Objective lens
  • Focus
  • Stage
  • Mirror/light
• Specialised cells examples

  • Root hair cells
  • Red blood cells
  • Neve cells
  • Cilia
  • Guard cells
  • Sperm cells
  • Heart muscle
• Level of organisation

  • Cell
  • Tissue
  • Organ
  • System
  • Organism
• Level of organisation Plant cells

  • Xylem
  • Chloroplasts
  • Leaf
  • Root system
  • Plant
• Level of organisation Animals

  • Muscle
  • Muscle tissue
  • Stomach
  • Digestive system
  • Human
• Actual size


  Magnification = Image/actual size IAM