pecuniary is a loss that can be easily calculated in money terms
nonpecuniary is a loss that isn't wholly money based such as pain and suffering
Special damages:
Amounts which can be calculated specifically up to the date of the trial or settlement.
General damages:
look forwards from trial date they can include loss of amenity, future loss of earnings.
Lump sums and structured settlements:
When courts award for pain or loss of amenity it is a once only award, a lump sum might be unfair to the defendant if claimants condition improves considerably and they no longer need it.