respiratory system

• Alveoli


  • Moist walls
  • Permeable walls
• Alveoli allow gaseous exchange to take place
• Structures of the respiratory system

  • Nose
  • Mouth
  • Throat (pharynx)
  • Voice box (larynx)
  • Windpipe (trachea)
  • Lungs (alveoli)
• Blood vessels and their role

  • Pulmonary artery (carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs)
  • Pulmonary vein (carries oxygenated blood from the lungs)
  • Systemic arteries (carry oxygenated blood to the body)
• Chambers and vessels of the heart

  • Left atrium
  • Left ventricle
  • Right atrium
  • Right ventricle
  • Pulmonary artery
  • Pulmonary vein
  • Superior vena cava
  • Inferior vena cava
• Mechanics of breathing - Inhalation at rest

  Rib cage expands, diaphragm contracts
• Mechanics of breathing - Exhalation at rest

  Rib cage gets smaller, diaphragm relaxes
• Diastole


  Phase of the heart when it relaxes and fills with blood
• Systole


  Phase of the heart when it contracts and pumps blood
• Cardiac output = Stroke volume x Heart rate
• Stroke volume


  Volume of blood pumped out of the ventricles with each contraction
• Heart rate (HR)


  Number of times the heart beats per minute
• Anticipatory rise


  Increase in heart rate in anticipation of exercise, due to adrenaline
• Maximum heart rate = 220 - age