Ethnicity Representation

• ethnic rep cultural borrowing

  Les Back

  found emergence of new identities as found some young white people were attracted to aspects of black culture and both black and white youths developed a shared identity based on mixed ethnicity
• ethnic rep ethnicities on tv

  Cumberbatch et al 2001

  overall ethnic minority rep on tv was average 8.4% of all people counted in programmes

  USA = 11.8 % UK = 6.9%

  Asian minorities most underrepresented
• ethnic rep cultural irrelevance

  Bennet et al

  EMG do not find much to relate to on British tv
• ethnic rep invisibility

  Gill

  note that feminine beauty tends to overemphasise whiteness
• ethnic rep tokenism

  Shah

  believe that EMG characters are often placed in soaps because of tokenism - they are often unimportant to the main storylines and do not stay in the drama for long
• ethnic rep black people portrayal

  Hargrave

  found black people were more than twice as likely to be portrayed on TV as criminals

  found them portrayed as :

  • low paid workers
  • people with culture which is seen as ' alien '
  • people causing conflict
  • asylum seekers
• ethnic rep seen as a threat

  Van dijk

  coverage on ethnic and racial affairs have become less blatantly racist but stereotypes and the definitions of ethnic minorities as a problem or threat is still prevalent
• ethnic rep black people

  Agbetu

  believes the media has 3 attributes for black people

  1. criminal
  2. involved in sport
  3. involved in entertainment
• ethnic rep moral panics

  Philo and Beattie

  believe moral panics are often centred around immigration - believe it is portrayed in an alarming way

  the media also using the terms ' immigrant ' and ' illegal immigrant ' interchangeably not understanding the difference
• ethnic rep Islam

  Poole

  found that Islam has always been distorted and demonised ( even pre 9/11)

  often he found Islam as being seen as a ' threat to UK security and mainstream values '
• ethnic rep muslim stereotypes

  Whitaker

  found 5 stereotypes persistently used

  Muslims are : intolerant, misogynistic, violent, cruel or strange
• ethnic rep extremism

  Nahdi

  the coverage of extremist groups has legitimised this extremist Islam - the media focuses of extreme or fringe groups that does not represent the UK as a whole
• ethnic rep 3rd world countries

  GUMG 2006

  places can also be represented in a distorted way - in the third world the main things that happen is coups, famine and war
• Ethnic rep moral panic - mugging

  Stuart Hall

  suggests ethnic groups are often defined by media as problems and criminals where moral panics are then constructed