Neural Firing

• Schwann cells


  Form myelin sheath around the axon
• Glial cells 


  Non-neuronal cells in the nervous system, more abundant than neurons, make sure they are protected and taken care of. Do not process information
• Dendrite


  Part of the neuron that receives information
• Soma


  Neuron cell body which contains the nucleus to keep it working
• Axon


  Bundle of fibers that carries information away from a neuron, usually has myelin on it, separated by nodes of ranvier
• Myelin


  Fatty insulating covering an axon that is made up of schwann cells or ogliodendrocytes that makes info travel faster
• Nodes of ranvier


  Points w high Na+ channels in between sections of myelin on an axon (saltatory conduction)
• Axon terminal


  Where we store and release neurotransmitters
• Synapse


  Space between two communicating neurons
• Sensory neurons


  Afferent neurons, receive info from the outside and sends it up to the brain
• Motor neurons


  Efferent neurons, sends info from the brain to the muscles and moves things around
• Mirror neuron


  Activated when we watch other beings do things, like yawning
• Action potential


  When nerves fire impulses because of depolarization
• Refractory period


  When a cell cannot reach action potential because it has to regather strength
• Reuptake


  Excess neurotransmitters from the synapse are recollected
• Excitatory


  Type of neurotransmitter that increases neuron firing
• Inhibitory


  Type of neurotransmitter that slows down neuron firing
• Acetylcholine


  Enables muscle action, learning and memory. Deterioration = alzheimer's
• Dopamine


  influences movement, learning, attention, emotion, similar to cocaine. Too much = schizophrenia. Not enough = tremors or parkinson's
• Serotonin


  Affects hunger, mood, sleep. Similar to LSD or MDMA. Not enough = depression, so it's in a lot of antidepressants
• Endorphins


  Pain control neurotransmitter that makes you feel good. Associated w/OCD
• Epinepherine


  Associated with energy, sympathetic nervous system. Similar to adrenaline
• Norepinepherine


  Neurotransmitter that releases glucose and is involved in the sympathetic nervous system
• Glutamate


  Excitatory neurotransmitter involved in memory. Too much = migraines
• GABA


  Major inhibitory, not enough = tremors, seizures, tremors