Richard and John

• What is the structure of the feudal pyramid in England during this period?

  • King at the top
  • Barons receive land from the King
  • Barons provide knights for the King
  • Knights receive land from Barons
  • Peasants work the land for Knights
• What was the King's responsibility in the feudal system?

  To provide protection for his people
• Who were the important tenants-in-chief in the feudal system?

  Barons
• What did Barons provide in return for the land given by the King?

  Knights for the King's army
• What ceremony did Barons and Knights participate in to pledge loyalty?

  Homage ceremony
• What happens if a vassal does not perform their duty?

  Their lord can take their land away
• What were Knights expected to maintain?

  Their own horses and equipment
• What was one of the knight's duties regarding military service?

  Serve in the King's army for two months
• What was required of Knights regarding the King's castles?

  Expand the King's castles for 40 days
• What was one of the duties of Peasants in the feudal system?

  Work on the land for certain days
• What was the Church's role in people's lives during this period?

  It was the center of most people's lives
• What percentage of land in England did the Church own?

  20%
• What was expected of the clergy in return for the land they owned?

  Perform religious services
• Who was Hubert Walter?

  Archbishop of Canterbury and advisor
• What was the significance of the coronation ceremony for a king?

  It anointed him with holy oils
• What does divine authority mean for a king?

  Chosen by God and unchallengeable
• What was the principle of primogeniture?

  Firstborn son inherits all lands
• Why was it important for the king to travel around his kingdom?

  To build relationships with Barons
• What was the Royal Demesne?

  Land owned by the king for income
• What is tallage?

  Tax paid by people in the Royal Demesne
• What are wardship fines?

  Fines for underage heirs' lands returned
• What are forest fines?

  Fines for trespassing on royal demesne
• What are profits of justice?

  Money from court cases and fines
• What nickname was Richard known by?

  The Lionheart
• How long was Richard king of England?

  10 years
• What did Richard do to raise money for his crusade?

  Sold lands and titles to highest bidders
• Who did Richard appoint as chancellor while he was away?

  William Longchamp
• Why was John unpopular while ruling as regent?

  He raised taxes and claimed Richard was dead
• What happened to Arthur, John's rival for the throne?

  He was murdered by John
• What was the Treaty of Le Goulet?

  Agreement to hand over land to Philip II
• What was the relationship between John and Philip II after the Treaty of Le Goulet?

  They quickly fell out and quarreled
• What happened to John's lands in France by 1204?

  He lost all his land in France
• Why did Richard and John demand large taxes?

  To fund wars in France and the Holy Land
• What was the role of the Church in the feudal system?

  It was a powerful landowner and influencer
• What was the significance of the Pope during this period?

  Regarded as the most important religious figure
• What was the main purpose of the Church for the people?

  To work hard and gain a place in heaven
• What was the role of the clergy in society?

  Educated and served as record keepers
• What was the relationship between the Church and the government?

  The Church had significant influence over governance
• What was the significance of the homage ceremony?

  It established loyalty between vassals and lords
• What was the role of the King in maintaining law and order?

  To ensure justice and protect the kingdom