cell organelles

• Amoeba


  A single-celled organism
• Modern cell theory


  • The cell is the smallest living unit in all organisms
  • All living things are made of cells (one or more cells)
  • All cells come from other, pre-existing cells
• Prokaryote


  Cells that have no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles (e.g. bacteria, archaea)
• Eukaryote


  Cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g. plants, animals, fungi, protists)
• Cell membrane


  Selectively permeable, controls what goes in and out of the cell, maintains homeostasis
• Cytoplasm


  Jelly-like material that surrounds the cell's internal structures
• Cytoskeleton


  Collection of fibers that provide support and allow movement of the cell and its organelles
• Ribosomes


  Organelles that make proteins, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
• Nucleus


  Organelle that holds the genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities
• Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)


  Processes and transports molecules, includes rough ER (with ribosomes) and smooth ER
• Golgi apparatus


  Packages and sorts materials, determines where they will be sent
• Mitochondria


  Organelles that produce ATP energy through cellular respiration
• Chloroplasts


  Organelles found in plant cells that produce glucose through photosynthesis
• Vacuoles


  Storage organelles, larger in plant cells (central vacuole) than animal cells
• Cell wall


  Additional layer found in plant cells that provides protection and shape
• Protein secretion


  Ribosomes make proteins, which are transported through the ER and Golgi, then secreted out of the cell
• The Golgi apparatus is involved in the modification, sorting, packaging, and transport of proteins.
• Lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicles that contain digestive enzymes used to break down waste materials within cells.