third quarter

• Southeast Asia comprises Burma, Thailand, Lao, Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia, Vietnam, and the Philippines
• Early documents describe Southeast Asia as a "Land of Gold"
• Roles of Southeast Asian Literature

  • Literature is Hope
  • Literature is Education
  • Literature is a subversive act
• Themes in Southeast Asian Literature

  • Nature
  • Supernatural
  • Gender Roles
  • Poignancy of Love Relationship
  • Political Corruption
  • Nationalism and Anti-colonialism
  • Fortune telling, Karma, Justice, and Responsibility
• Notable Philippine Literary Authors

  • Francisco Arcellano
  • Liwayway Arceo
  • Francisco Balagtas
  • Lualhati Bautista
  • Edith L. Tiempo
  • Nick Joaquin
  • F. Sionil Jose
  • Jose Rizal
• Notable Philippine Literary Works

  • Noli Me Tangere
  • Biag ni Lam-ang
  • How the Moon and Stars Came to be
  • Mi Ultimo Adios
  • To the Young Women of Malolos
• Poetry


  A literary work in which special intensity is given to the expression of feelings and ideas by the use of distinctive style and rhythm. It is made up of lines and stanzas.
• Elements of Poetry

  • Meter
  • Feet
• Iambic meter


  A metrical foot of poetry consisting of two syllables—an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable
• Trochaic meter


  A metrical foot of poetry consisting of two syllables—the first syllable is stressed and the second is unstressed
• Anapestic meter


  A metrical foot of poetry consisting of two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable
• Dactylic meter


  A metrical foot of poetry consisting of one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables
• Rhyme Scheme

  The pattern or rhymes at the end of each line of a poem or song
• Rhyme Scheme Types

  • Alternate rhyme
  • Enclosed rhyme
  • Rhyme couplet
• Free verse


  A poem that doesn't rely on any particular form, meter, or rhyme scheme, yet still conveys powerful feelings and ideas
• Blank verse


  Type of poetry that lacks rhyme but does follow a specific meter—a meter that is almost always iambic pentameter
• Stylistic Devices in Poetry

  • Metaphor
  • Simile
  • Alliteration
  • Allusion
  • Euphemism
  • Personification
• Types of Poetry

  • Ode
  • Ballad
  • Sonnet
• Short Story


  A story that is so concise that if you remove one element, it will destroy the entire story
• Elements of Short Story

  • Plot
  • Character
  • Conflict
  • Point of View
• Types of Conflict in Short Stories


  • Man vs. Man
  • Man vs. Nature
  • Man vs. Society
  • Man vs. Self or Internal Conflict
• Types of Point of View in Short Stories

  • First-person
  • Second person
  • Third person
• Novel


  An extended fictional narrative, usually divided into chapters, with a wider variety of characters and a more complicated plot
• Elements of a Novel

  • Plot
  • Setting
  • Atmosphere
  • Characters
  • Theme
• Drama


  The portrayal of fictional or non-fictional events through the performance of written dialogue
• Elements of Drama

  • Characters
  • Plot
  • Symbol
  • Conflict
  • Action
  • Dialogue
  • Theme
• A Critique is an in-depth evaluation of a story, novel, critique film, or other reading /viewing materials for the purpose of giving the public an insight into the text.