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• Protein synthesis


  The process of making proteins
• Protein synthesis


  1. Transcription

  2. Translation
• Transcription


  The process of taking a single gene of DNA and copying it into a structure called mRNA
• Translation


  The process of taking the mRNA strand and using it to produce a protein
• Inside almost every cell is a nucleus that contains all the genetic material of that cell in the form of DNA
• DNA contains thousands of genes which are each small sections of the DNA that have a specific sequence of bases and so are able to code for a specific sequence of amino acids which when combined will form a particular protein
• The DNA is so big it can't leave the nucleus itself
• mRNA


  A copy of a single gene that is small enough to leave the nucleus and make its way to the ribosome
• mRNA


  • Mostly similar to DNA but shorter, single-stranded, and contains uracil instead of thymine
• Transcription


  1. RNA polymerase binds to the DNA and separates the strands to read the bases and build the complementary mRNA strand

  2. The DNA strands close back up once the mRNA is complete
• Template strand


  The DNA strand that the RNA polymerase moves along to make the mRNA
• Codon


  A group of three bases that codes for a specific amino acid
• Translation


  1. The mRNA and ribosome bind together

  2. tRNA molecules bring the correct amino acids to the ribosome based on the codons on the mRNA

  3. The ribosome joins the amino acids together to form a protein chain

  4. The protein chain folds to form the final protein
• tRNA


  Molecules that bring the amino acids to the ribosome based on the codons on the mRNA
• Anticodon


  The three-base sequence on tRNA that is complementary to the codon on the mRNA