Gen Chemistry

• Wood alcohol


  A type of alcohol used to make antifreeze, pesticides, windshield wiper fluid, paint thinner, certain types of fuel, and other substances
• Atom


  Has protons, neutrons, and electrons
• Isotope


  Has varying numbers of neutrons
• Atoms have a fixed number of protons, while isotopes have varying numbers of neutrons
• Melting point


  The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid state
• Isotopic pair commonly used to determine the age of rocks and minerals

  Uranium-238 and Lead-206
• Compounds


  • Water (H2O)
• Chemical properties of an element


  Determined by the number of protons
• Element


  A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
• Sucrose chemical formula

  C12H22O11
• Centrifugation


  Separates heterogeneous mixtures by spinning them at very high speeds, which forces components to separate into layers
• Evaporation


  Used to separate solute from the solution
• Substances that can be separated by a magnet

  • Sand and salt
• Sand and iron filings

  • Sand and salt
  • Colors in a food dye
• Filter paper


  Used to separate ground coffee from coffee solution in a coffee machine
• Isotopes commonly used in smoke detectors

  • Americium-241
  • Radon-222
  • Iodine-131
• Distillation


  The process of evaporating a liquid and then condensing the vapor by cooling
• Mixture


  Two or more substances mingled together, but not chemically combined
• Substances that are mixtures

  • Copper
  • Water
  • Seawater
• Common name of naphthalene

  • Mothballs
• If a sample can be separated into its individual components through physical means, it is a mixture
• Sodium chloride


  Chemical name for salt
• Acetic acid


  Chemical name for white vinegar
• Conductivity


  • A property of matter that is most likely responsible for a sample being able to conduct electricity
• Tritium (Hydrogen-3)


  Primary decay mode is beta decay
• Water


  Chemical formula is H2O
• Common name of solid CO2

  • Dry ice
• Toothpaste


  Used for oral hygiene such as remove plaque and bacteria, helps freshen breathe and leave your mouth with a clean feeling
• Milk of magnesia


  Magnesium hydroxide
• Sugar is always called by its common name
• Marsh Gas


  An important source of hydrogen and other organic chemicals, used in the manufacture of ammonia for fertilizers and explosives
• Quartz


  Used in glassmaking and in the petroleum industry
• Galena


  The most important ore of lead, most lead are used for batteries
• Chlorhexidine digluconate


  Mouthwash
• Paper chromatography


  A technique used to separate and identify the components of a mixture
• Household chemicals

  • Bleach
  • Baking soda
  • Mouthwash
• Jane's mobile phone was stolen in class and a note was left behind, demanding Php 500 for its return
• Jane suspected five people in her class, but was not sure who could have done it
• All the suspects denied taking the phone and writing the note, but agreed to have their pens tested by Jane, to see if their ink matched that on the note
• Jane performed paper chromatography on the ink from each person's pen as well as the ink from the note