Atypical sex chromosomes

• Individuals with Klinefelter's might benefit from testosterone injections
• Quigley found supporting evidence for the role of oestrogen to treat Turner's syndrome (and early diagnosis and intervention)

  Giving oestrogen supplements between ages 5-12, had earlier increased breast development at ages 8.5-12 compare to a placebo group
• Research into atypical sex chromosomes is useful because:

  • led to a greater awareness of the conditions
  • led to earlier and more accurate diagnosis, and in turn treatments
  • has contributed to our understanding of the nature-nurture debate in gender
• Males with Klinefelter's syndrome have XXY chromosomes

  Physical characteristics include: long limbs and tall stature; underdeveloped testes (infertile); gynecomastia; reduced facial and body hair

  Psychological characteristics include: struggle academically (with reading and language); difficulty socialising and shy - socially immature; low energy levels
• Females with Turner's syndrome have X0 chromosomes (missing an X)

  Physical characteristics include: shorter than average; shield shaped chest; underdeveloped ovaries (infertile); very limited breast development; low set ears; webbed neck; more likely to have heart problems

  Psychological characteristics include: higher than average reading ability; poor spatial, visual and mathematical ability; socially immature
• The two similarities between Klinefelter's syndrome and Turner's syndrome are social immaturity and infertility