Broad Patterns of Evolution

• Representation of the evolutionary history and relationships between groups of organisms?

  Phylogeny
• Standard time scale?

  Geologic record
• We used fermentation when no oxygen
• Oldest known fossils of rocks formed by accumulation of sedimentary layers on bacterial mats (3.5 billion years ago)

  Stromatolites
• Paedomorphosis:

  Rate of reproductive development accelerates

  Causes sexually mature species that may retain body features that were juvenile structures in the ancestral species
• Differential speciation success may determine the evolutionary trend?

  Species selection model
• One evolutionary progression from the fossil record can be misleading

  Trends should be examined in a broad context

  Trends DON’T imply a drive for a specific phenotype
• Our skull shape chaniging over TIME?

  Heterochrony
• Genes that control body formation in early embryonic formation is called homeotic genes
• A salamander retains gills from its premature stages, however is sexually mature, what is this?

  Paedomorphosis
• The rapid diversification of species like in Hawaii is what?

  Adaptive radiation
• The oldest known fossils are what?

  Stromatolites
• The fossil record is biased to which of the following (multi-select letters) A. The most abundant/widespread B. Had hard shells C. The smallest fossils D. The oldest fossils?

  A, B, D
• We date fossils using blank which uses the order of fossils in the strata and does/doesn't tell us their absolute ages.


  radiometric dating, doesn't
• Continental drift contributes to what type of speciation?

  Allopatric Speciation
• The fossil record displays what type of evolution?

  Macroevolution
• What does evolution rely on?

  Speciation and extinction rates