cell functions

• passive transport: movement of substances from area with high conc. to low conc. without using cell energy
• active transport: movement of substances from high conc. to low conc. using cell energy
• enzymes: protein catalysts that speed up reactions w/o being consumed
• substrate: reactant on which an enzyme acts, -ase suffix
• induced model fit: enzyme-substrate complex facilitated by proximity of active site and functional group that causes a change in protein configuration
• membranes consist of fluid phospholipid bilayer w free flowing proteins.
• fluid mosaic proteins: transport proteins- move polar molecules
• peripheral protein: surface of phospholipid bilayer
• integral protein: embedded/ interacting with hydrophobic core
• passive transport: the movement of substances from high conc. to low conc. without the use of energy
• passive transport: diffusion: gas/liquid molecules that are small and nonpolar pass via high to low conc. stops at eq.
• passive transport: facilitated diffusion: protein carriers/channel proteins form highly specific channels and bind to ions and polar molecules to diffuse
• passive transport: osmosis: diffusion of water. move in when hypotonic, move out when hypertonic, stay when isotonic
• active transport: movement of molecules from a low conc. to a high conc. using cell energy (against a concentration gradient)
• active transport: endocytosis: cell takes in molecules from outside the cell
• endocytosis: pinocytosis dissolved molecules
• endocytosis: phagosytosis: solid particles
• active transport: exocytosis: cell releases large molecules into the external environment
• fluid mosaic proteins: enzymes- catalysis
• fluid mosaic proteins: signalling proteins- trigger change in processes
• fluid mosaic proteins: attachment/recognition proteins- markers
• nuclear pore: a protein lined channel that allows large molecules to pass through