Theory

Created by

Mabel smith

Cards (58)

What is a state
An area of land within which there is a politically organised body of people under a single government
What is sovereignty  
Government has the power to make and enforce laws without have to check any other higher authority
What is a sovereign state  
An independent country which exercises sovereignty over its population
What is a nation state 
A state in which the majority of people share a culture
Give an example of a nation without a state
Basque - France and Spain.
What is territorial integrity?
Sovereignty over a state's borders.
What is the westphalian treaty of 1648  
An agreement that each state should respect one another’s sovereignty.
What are norms  
Accepted standards that have developed over time and shape the way people operate
Give an example of when current boundaries can be contested
India and Pakistan both claim sovereignty over the whole of Kashmir
When was Indian subcontinent split into India and Pakistan
1947
how many wars have been fought over Kashmir
3
What is the state apparatus
Set of organisations through which sovereignty is exercised : police and armed forces, public services, courts
What is the fragile state index  
Aims to assess a states resilience to conflict or collapse
What does a poor state apparatus suggest
Undeveloped and fragile government with low sovereignty
Why might Afghanistan have low state apparatus
Constant conflict and poor political systems
What is geopolitics  
Global balance of political power and international relations
Why are there geopolitical tensions in the arctic ocean
The countries that border the Arctic Ocean (Alaska, Canada, Iceland, Russia) often have conflicts over maritime borders. Vast reserves of oil have become accessible and the countries want to extend their EEZ.
What does EEZ stand for  
Exclusive economic zone
What are TNCs
Transnational corporations- business that operates in more than one country
How could TNCs challenge sovereignty
Disrespect human rights
disregard environmental laws
What is an example of TNC
shell in Nigeria
how much revenue does oil produce in Nigeria
80%
Shell is the what TNC in nigeria
biggest oil TNC in the country
Shell in Nigeria produces how much of total oil output
50%
What is ogoniland
The place in Nigeria where a lot of the oil drilling takes place. The tribal people make a living from agriculture
What has happened to the ogonilands farmland  
Oil spills have contaminated the land and water.
What was the result of the oil spills in ogoniland
Peaceful protests led by Ken Saro Wiwa.
What happened to Ken saro wiwa after the protests
Him along with 8 others were arrested and executed as the Nigerian government were worried the protest would cause shell to pull out
How has shell challenged nigerias sovereignty
Ogoniland is now one of the most polluted places on earth. All cases against shell have been dropped.
Nigerian government are reliant upon shell
When did the UK leave the EU
2020
When did the UK join the EC (EU)
1973
What did the European Union used to be
European economic community. Used to promote peace and regional growth
How did the EU threaten UK sovereignty
Supremacy of law meant that the EU laws are always superior.
up to 65% of UK laws come from the EU
the UK must abide by the eu laws otherwise they could face censure from the judges
How did the EU not threaten sovereignty
UK gov had the power to vote against the laws
each member state has democratically elected MEPs and if they don’t agree with the law it won’t be put in place
Give an example of separatism
Basques
How does the dispute over Kashmir cause challenges to sovereignty
Pakistan has a Muslim population and India has a Hindu population. The ruler of Kashmir acceded to India but since then there have been many disputes. Each country wants full sovereignty challenging the powers of neighbours
What is an LOC
line of control
What was put in place by the UN in Kashmir
Like of control - ceasefire line.
Why does India and Pakistan want full control of Kashmir  
Water sources - Indus River
What is the river in Kashmir called
Indus River