Chemistry

• Chemistry


  The branch of science that deals with the identification of substances of which matter is composed; the investigation of their properties and the ways in which they interact, combine, and change; and the use of these processes to form new substances
• Chemistry is the scientific study of matter, its properties, composition, structure, and the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions. It explores the behavior of atoms, molecules, and ions, as well as their interactions with each other and with energy
• Chemistry is often called the central science because it connects the physical sciences, such as physics and biology, and plays a vital role in understanding the world around us
• Fire revealed hidden features of matter

  1. Heating wood leads to sudden ignition and combustion, releasing stored energy as heat and light

  2. Observation of fire's transformative properties on materials laid the foundation for the systematic study of matter and chemical reactions
• Why chemistry is important

  • Understanding the natural world
  • Advancing technology
  • Solving global challenges
  • Improving everyday life
• Chemistry is everywhere - in the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat, and the products we use daily. It is found in natural environments and human-made settings
• Chemists


  Scientists who specialize in the study of chemistry, working in various fields and industries
• How chemistry is studied

  • Through observation, experimentation, and analysis
  • Using laboratory equipment, computer simulations, and theoretical models
• Main disciplines of chemistry

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
• Organic Chemistry


  Focuses on the study of carbon-hydrogen containing compounds, essential for understanding the synthesis, structure, and reactions of molecules found in living organisms and many synthetic materials.

  It is used for production of plastics, petrochemicals and synthesis of pharmaceuticals.
• Inorganic Chemistry


  Deals with the properties and behavior of inorganic compounds, which do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds, encompassing the study of metals, minerals, and other non-carbon-based substances. It is used for development of catalysts.
• Physical Chemistry


  Combines principles of physics and chemistry to study the physical properties and behavior of matter, exploring topics such as thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, and chemical kinetics.

  It is used for making materials with specific properties, optimizing industrial processes & understanding reaction mechanism
• Analytical Chemistry


  Focuses on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of substances and materials, using techniques such as titration, chromatography, spectroscopy, and electrochemistry.

  uses include environmental monitoring, quality control in manufacturing, forensic analysis
• Biochemistry


  The study of chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms, investigating the structure and function of biological molecules( nucleic acids , proteins, carbohydrates).

  applications include genetic engineering, understanding metabolic pathways, drug discovery
• Process applications


  The various techniques, methods, and procedures used in chemical processes to achieve specific objectives, such as synthesis, separation, purification, analysis, and transformation of chemical substances
• Process applications in chemistry

  • Chemical Industry
  • Pharmaceutical Industry
  • Food Industry
  • Environmental Industry
• Chemical Industry process applications examples

  Synthesis, purification, and production of a wide range of chemicals and materials, using processes such as distillation, extraction, crystallization, polymerization, and oxidation-reduction reactions
• Pharmaceutical Industry process applications examples

  Drug discovery, development, and manufacturing, including synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), formulation of drug products, purification of compounds, and quality control testing
• Food Industry process applicationsexamples


  Production, preservation, and packaging of food products, using processes such as fermentation, extraction of natural flavors and colours, pasteurization, and sterilization
• Chemical Industry(process applications)


  1. Synthesis

  2. Purification

  3. Formulation
• Chemical Industry


  • Production of a wide range of chemicals and chemical products
  • Manufacture products including fuels, plastics, fertilizers, and specialty chemicals
• Pharmaceutical Industry(process applications)


  1. Drug discovery

  2. Synthesis

  3. Purification

  4. Formulation
• Pharmaceutical Industry


  • Development and production of pharmaceutical drugs
• Food Industry(process applications)


  1. Fermentation

  2. Extraction

  3. Preservation
• Food Industry


  • Production, processing, and distribution of food products
• Environmental Industry(process applications)


  1. Remediation

  2. Treatment

  3. Recycling
• Environmental Industry


  • Addressing environmental challenges and promoting sustainability
  • Mitigate pollution, conserve natural resources, and protect ecosystems