nervous system and homeostasis

• What is the primary role of the nervous system in living organisms?

  Reacting to surroundings and coordinating behavior
• What are the two main components of the central nervous system?

  Brain and spinal cord
• Why are reflex actions considered rapid and automatic responses?

  They bypass the conscious part of the brain
• What is the significance of reflex actions for an organism?

  Survival and preventing body damage
• What is the correct sequence of a nervous response pathway?

  Stimulus → receptor → coordinator → effector → response
• What is the primary function of neurons in the body?

  Carry electrical impulses
• What is the definition of homeostasis?

  Maintaining a constant internal environment
• Name three internal conditions controlled by homeostasis.

  Body temperature, blood glucose, water levels
• What three components are essential in all control systems?

  Receptors, coordination centres, effectors
• Where is body temperature primarily monitored and controlled in the body?

  Thermoregulatory centre in the brain
• What physiological responses occur when body temperature is too high?

  Vasodilation and sweat production
• What physiological responses occur when body temperature is too low?

  Vasoconstriction, no sweating, shivering
• What is a stimulus in the context of the nervous system?

  A change in the environment
• What is the role of a receptor in a nervous pathway?

  Detect a specific stimulus
• What is the function of a coordinator in a nervous response?

  Process information and send signals
• What is the function of an effector in the nervous response pathway?

  Carry out a response
• What is a response in the context of the nervous system?

  An action to a stimulus
• What is vasodilation and how does it help cool the body?

  Blood vessels widen, increasing heat loss
• What is vasoconstriction and how does it conserve body heat?

  Blood vessels constrict, reducing heat loss
• How does sweating help to cool the body down?

  Evaporation of sweat removes heat
• How does shivering help to increase body temperature?

  Muscle contractions generate heat
• Why is it important to control blood glucose concentration?

  To provide cells with a constant energy supply
• Why is it important to control water levels in the body?

  To maintain osmotic balance in cells