Sex + Gender

• How are the terms sex and gender often used in everyday life?

  Interchangeably, suggesting they are the same
• What do job application forms typically ask regarding sex and gender?

  To specify whether the applicant is male or female
• How do most psychologists view sex and gender?

  As distinct and separate concepts
• What does sex refer to?

  A person's biological status as male or female
• How is biological sex determined?

  By one pair of sex chromosomes
• What are the sex chromosomes for females and males?

  XX for females and XY for males
• What influences hormonal differences and anatomy?

  The sex chromosomes
• What does gender refer to?

  A person's psychosocial status as masculine or feminine
• What does gender include?

  Attitudes, roles, and behaviors associated with masculinity or femininity
• How is gender influenced compared to sex?

  Heavily influenced by social norms and cultural expectations
• How do sex and gender differ in terms of nature and nurture?

  Sex is innate; gender is partly environmentally determined
• Why is gender considered fluid?

  It can change based on social context
• What is gender dysphoria?

  When biological sex does not match gender identity
• What might some individuals with gender dysphoria choose to do?

  Have gender reassignment surgery
• In a stereotypical heterosexual couple, who typically performs household tasks?

  Men take out bins; women prepare food
• What are sex-role stereotypes?

  Shared expectations about acceptable behavior for genders
• How are sex-role stereotypes communicated in society?

  Through parents, peers, media, and institutions
• What can result from sex-role stereotypes?

  Sexist assumptions about capabilities
• What is a common sexist assumption about women in the workplace?

  They may become 'over-emotional' in high responsibility
• Which studies are mentioned regarding sex-role stereotyping?

  Smith and Lloyd; Furnham and Farragher
• What theory do the studies of sex-role stereotyping support?

  The social learning theory of gender
• What role do agents of socialization play in gender expectations?

  They sustain stereotypical expectations of genders