Arrhenius acids and bases

• ARRHENIUS ACIDS & BASES
• Electrolyte


  Substance that dissolves in water & forms a solution that conducts electricity, due to presence of mobile ions
• Electrolyte


  • NaCl (aq) aqueous solution
• Acids & Bases are Electrolytes
• Arrhenius Acids

  Substance that when dissolved in water increases the concentration Hydrogen ions (H+) on (Hydronium ion H₂O)
• Arrhenius Acids

  • HCl -> H+ + Cl-
• Arrhenius Acids Properties

  • Sour Taste
  • Can burn skin
  • React vigorously with metals to make H₂
  • pH is less than 7 (meaning acidic)
• Names of Common Acids & Formulas

  • Located on Table K
  • Top 4 Acids -All strong acids & Last 2-weak Acids
• Arrhenius Bases

  Substance when dissolved in water increases concentration of Hydroxide ions (OH-)
• Arrhenius Bases Properties

  • Bitter taste
  • Can be corrosive
  • pH greater than 7 (basic)
• Names of common Bases & Formulas


  • Located on Table L
  • All contain OH-> Exception: NH3 (Ammonia) is a base
  • Top 3 bases-Strong bases & last 1-weak base
• Neutralization


  1. When all properties of the acid & base are lost

  2. Products are Salt & Water

  3. Salt = solid ionic compounds containing elements other than H+ & OH-

  4. Salts are electrolytes with high melting and boiling points
• Litmus paper


  Used to test if a substance is acidic or basic
• H/HOH-


  Key ion produces H+/H3O+
• Arrhenius Theory of acids & bases

  • Acids: Substance produces H+ ions as only positive ion in acidic solutions
  • Bases: Substance (Metal-OH) produces OH- ions as the only negative ion in basic solutions
• Arrhenius Acids

  • HCl (aq) -> H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
• Hydroxide


  Negative ion produced in basic solutions
• H+ ion alternate name


  Hydronium ion (H3O+)
• Acids & bases are electrolytes because they produce mobile ions in solutions which conduct electricity</b>
• Salts are also electrolytes
• pH Scale


  Used to measure the strength of acids & bases and to determine which solution is more acidic or more basic (alkaline)
• Substances not acidic/basic = neutral
• Crystal lattice


  Structure of salts