Rate of reaction in gases

• What type of experiments are discussed in the material?

  Experiments involving gases
• What is the purpose of measuring the rate of a reaction in class?

  To understand how surface area affects rate
• What materials are suggested for measuring the effect of surface area on rate?

  Marble chips and hydrochloric acid
• What are the steps to carry out the experiment measuring the effect of surface area on rate?

  1. Set up apparatus as shown in the diagram.
  2. Measure the volume of gas produced using a gas syringe.
  3. Take readings at regular time intervals and record results in a table.
  4. Plot a graph of results with time on the x-axis and volume on the y-axis.
  5. Repeat the experiment with the same volume and concentration of acid, but with crushed marble.
  6. Repeat with powdered chalk.
• How does the surface area of marble chips affect the rate of reaction?

  Smaller chips increase the reaction rate
• What happens to the reaction rate as the surface area increases?

  The reaction rate increases
• What does a flat line on the graph indicate about the reaction?

  No more gas is being produced
• If you use finer particles in the experiment, what effect would you expect on the reaction rate?

  The reaction rate would increase
• What factors influence the rate of a chemical reaction?

  • Surface area of reactants
  • Concentration of reactants
  • Temperature of the reaction
  • Presence of a catalyst
• What is the relationship between the rate of reaction and the gradient of the graph?

  A steeper gradient indicates a faster rate
• What does it mean if the reaction finishes quickly?

  The surface area was likely large
• How does the mass of marble chips affect the reaction rate?

  More mass can lead to a faster reaction
• What is the effect of using powdered chalk instead of marble chips?

  It increases the surface area
• What is indicated by the faster reaction rate in the experiment?

  More surface area leads to quicker reactions
• What happens when the reaction line becomes flat on the graph?

  The reaction has completed
• What are the implications of using larger particles in a reaction?

  • Slower reaction rates
  • Less surface area available for reaction
  • Longer time to produce gas
• What is the significance of the volume of gas produced?

  It indicates the rate of reaction
• Why is it important to repeat the experiment?

  To ensure accuracy and reliability of results
• How can you improve the accuracy of your measurements in the experiment?

  Use precise measuring equipment
• What are the key variables in the experiment measuring reaction rates?

  • Surface area of reactants
  • Volume of acid used
  • Concentration of acid
  • Mass of marble chips
• What is the expected outcome when using finer particles?

  Faster reaction rates
• What does a steeper line on the graph represent?

  Higher rate of gas production
• How does the mass of powdered chalk compare to marble chips in terms of reaction rate?

  Powdered chalk has a larger surface area
• What is the effect of temperature on reaction rates?

  Higher temperatures increase reaction rates
• Why is it important to control variables in the experiment?

  To ensure a fair test and valid results
• What happens to the reaction rate when the concentration of acid is increased?

  The reaction rate increases
• What is the role of a catalyst in a reaction?

  It speeds up the reaction without being consumed
• How does the presence of a catalyst affect the activation energy?

  It lowers the activation energy required
• What is the relationship between particle size and reaction rate?

  Smaller particles increase the reaction rate
• What is the significance of the gas syringe in the experiment?

  It measures the volume of gas produced
• Why is it necessary to take readings at regular intervals?

  To accurately track the rate of reaction
• What does a flat line on the graph indicate about the reaction's progress?

  The reaction has reached completion
• What is the expected outcome when repeating the experiment with the same conditions?

  Consistent results should be obtained
• How does the surface area of reactants influence the frequency of collisions?

  Larger surface area increases collision frequency
• What is the effect of increasing the temperature on the kinetic energy of particles?

  It increases the kinetic energy of particles
• What is the relationship between reaction rate and temperature?

  Higher temperatures increase reaction rates
• Why is it important to control the concentration of reactants?

  To ensure accurate and reliable results
• How does the mass of reactants affect the overall reaction rate?

  More mass can lead to a faster reaction
• What is the significance of the reaction finishing quickly?

  Indicates a high surface area or concentration
• What does a steeper gradient on the graph indicate about the reaction rate?

  It indicates a faster reaction rate