Alcohols and carboxylic acids

• What types of alcohols are discussed in the material?

  Methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol
• What is the general formula of an alcohol?

  C_nH_2n+1OH
• What is the formula for an alcohol with two carbons?

  C₂H₅OH
• What functional group do all alcohols contain?

  -OH functional group
• What are the first four alcohols in the homologous series?

  1. Methanol (C₁H₃OH)
  2. Ethanol (C₂H₅OH)
  3. Propanol (C₃H₇OH)
  4. Butanol (C₄H₉OH)
• How is the naming system for alcohols similar to alkanes?

  Replace the final '-e' with '-ol'
• Why should you not write CH₃O instead of CH₃OH?

  It doesn't show the functional -OH group
• What happens when alcohols are heated with acids?

  They can form alkene and water
• What are the properties of carboxylic acids in solution?

  • React like other acids
  • Produce carbon dioxide with carbonates
  • Release H⁺ ions, making the solution weakly acidic
• What do alcohols get oxidized to form?

  Carboxylic acids
• What is produced when ethanol is oxidized using an oxidizing agent?

  Ethanoic acid
• How do carboxylic acids behave in solution compared to alcohols?

  Carboxylic acids release H⁺ ions, making them acidic
• What is the result of mixing an alcohol with an acid catalyst?

  Formation of an ester and water
• What are the similarities between alcohols and carboxylic acids?

  • Both contain carbon and oxygen
  • Both can undergo oxidation reactions
  • Both can participate in esterification reactions
• What is the basic naming system for carboxylic acids?

  Replace '-e' with '-oic acid'
• What do carboxylic acids produce when they react with carbonates?

  Carbon dioxide, salt, and water
• How do carboxylic acids differ from alcohols in terms of acidity?

  Carboxylic acids are more acidic than alcohols
• What ions do carboxylic acids release in solution?

  H⁺ ions
• What is the effect of carboxylic acids on pH in solution?

  They lower the pH, making it acidic
• How do the properties of carboxylic acids relate to their structure?

  The -COOH group contributes to their acidity
• How do carboxylic acids react with other acids?

  They react like other acids.
• What do carboxylic acids produce when they react with carbonates?

  Carbon dioxide, a salt, and water.
• What happens to carboxylic acids in solution?

  They can partially ionize and release H⁺ ions.
• What is the basic naming system for carboxylic acids?

  It is the same as for alkanes.
• How do carboxylic acids differ from alkanes in naming?

  Replace the final 'e' with 'oic acid'.
• What is the general formula for carboxylic acids?

  C_nH_2n+1COOH
• What are the first four carboxylic acids in the homologous series?

  Methanoic, Ethanoic, Propanoic, Butanoic.
• How can each carboxylic acid be formed?

  By oxidizing the corresponding alcohol.
• What is the significance of the functional group in carboxylic acids?

  They contain the same functional group, -COOH.
• If you know a molecule is a carboxylic acid, what can you predict about its reactions?

  It will react similarly to other acids.
• What is the structure of methanoic acid?

  HCOOH
• What is the structure of ethanoic acid?

  CH₃COOH
• What is the structure of propanoic acid?

  CH₃CH₂COOH
• What is the structure of butanoic acid?

  CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH
• What do homologous series of carboxylic acids have in common?

  They have similar reactions due to the same functional group.
• How can you predict the reactions of a molecule in a homologous series?

  By knowing the reactions of similar molecules.
• What is the significance of the -COOH group in carboxylic acids?

  It is the functional group that defines them.
• What happens at a firework display related to carboxylic acids?

  There are an -OH group and an -AH group present.
• What is the purpose of practice questions in studying carboxylic acids?

  To reinforce understanding of the material.
• What is the outcome of mixing up carboxylic acids?

  It can lead to incorrect predictions of reactions.