21ST

• Literature


  Man's vehicle towards self-expression: a form of catharsis (relief) and feelings of friendship
• Prose


  Continuous form in the manner of expression
• Poetry


  In verse form
• Characterization


  The artistic representation of a character
• Sex


  Refers to physical attributes or biological differences between men and women
• Gender


  Refers to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones, therefore a male is expected to be masculine and a female feminine
• Anaphora


  A rhetorical device that features the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive sentences, phrases, or clauses
• Epiphora


  An epistrophe (or epiphora) is repeating words at the clauses' ends
• Allusion


  A figure of speech that makes a reference of people, places, events, or literary works directly or by implying them
• Migration


  Movement of people from one place to another for the purpose of taking up permanent or semi-permanent residence, usually across political boundary
• Diaspora


  People relocated to a place far away from their ancestral homeland
• Darangen


  A popular epic from Mindanao, about Prince Bantugen
• Tone


  Refers to the attitude of an author towards a literary work
• Kumintang


  War song
• Bibliographical context


  Relation of writer's life and work
• Literary context


  Nature of genre being discussed
• Persona


  The character which the poet uses as the voice of the poem
• Canon works


  Refers to a collection of works considered to be valuable to Philippine society
• Tropes


  Creative use of language mostly found in literature
• Flash fiction


  A genre of fiction, defined as a very short story
• Characteristics of Flash Fiction

  • Brevity
  • Complete Plot
  • Surprise
• Protest Poetry


  Poetry that aims to point out or reflect on problems within current events, circumstances, or issues
• National Artist Award


  The highest national recognition given to Filipino individuals who made significant contributions to the development of Philippines Arts
• Superstition


  A traditional belief that a certain action or event can cause or foretell an apparently unrelated event
• Coming Home to Estancia – Merlinda Bobis
• Eulogy of Roaches – Bienvenido Lumbera
• Spirit & Literature – F. Sionil Jose
• Orange – Gabriela Lee
• Leyte – Victor N. Sugbo
• Oral Lore


  a form of human communication wherein art, knowledge, ideas, and cultural material is received, preserved, and transmitted orally from one generation to another (Luzon Literature)
• Early forms of literature

  Pre spanish period

  Spanish period

  Propaganda period

  Revolutionary period
• Dallot


  a chant recited during weddings (Northern Luzon/Ilocos)
• Dung-aw


  Narrates the pain and joy of the departed as it is death and lamentation practices among Ilocanos
• Visayas Literature 


  is divided into 2

  • Secular
  • Non-secular
• Equation of a Straight Line, Equation of a Circle - Mar Anthony Simon Dela Cruz
• Non-Secular


  (Visayas Literature)

  • Vidas - stories about lives of saints
  • Exemple - moral anecdotes Gozos - hymnos
• Secular


  (Visayas Literature)

  • Kumposo - Ilongo ballad
• Political regions/language in Visayas

  • Panayanon
  • Cebuano
  • Waray
• Mindanao Literature


  Fiction, non-fiction, prose, poetry

  Examples: Blue Blood of the Big Astana
• Folk speech


  [Maguindanao literary element]

  expressed in antuka/pantuka/paakenala (riddles) and bayok (lyric poems)