Nursing Info 1

• Informatics

  Computer science + information science
• Informatics comes from the French word informatique which means computer science
• Nursing informatics


  The use of computers technology to support nursing, including clinical practice, administration, education, and research
• Hebda (1998 p. 3): '"The use of computers technology to support nursing, including clinical practice, administration, education, and research."'
• American Nurses Association (ANA) (1994): '"The development and evaluation of applications, tools, processes, and structures which assist nurses with the management of data in taking care of patients or supporting the practice of nursing."'
• Graves, J. R., & Corcoran, S. (1989): '"A combination of computer science, information science and nursing science designed to assist in the management and processing of nursing data, information and knowledge to support the practice of nursing and the delivery of nursing care."'
• Data


  Discrete entities that are described objectively without interpretation
• Information


  Data that is interpreted, organized or structured
• Knowledge


  Information that has been synthesized so that interrelationships are identified and formalized
• Areas of nursing practice where nursing informatics can be applied

  • Clinical practice
  • Administration
  • Education
  • Research
• Nursing Clinical Practice (Point-of-Care Systems and Clinical Information Systems)


  • Work lists to remind staff of planned nursing interventions
  • Computer generated client documentation
  • Electronic Medical Record (EMR) and Computer-Based Patient Record (CPR)
  • Monitoring devices that record vital signs and other measurements directly into the client record (electronic medical record)
  • Computer - generated nursing care plans and critical pathways
  • Automatic billing for supplies or procedures with nursing documentation
  • Reminders and prompts that appear during documentation to ensure comprehensive charting
• Nursing Administration (Health Care Information Systems)

  • Automated staff scheduling
  • E-mail for improved communication
  • Cost analysis and finding trends for budget purposes
  • Quality assurance and outcomes analysis
• Nursing Education


  • Computerized record-keeping
  • Computerized-assisted instruction
  • Interactive video technology
  • Distance Learning-Web based courses and degree programs
  • Internet resources-CEU's and formal nursing courses and degree programs
  • Presentation software for preparing slides and handouts-PowerPoint and MS Word
• Nursing Research


  • Computerized literature searching-CINAHL, Medline and Web sources
  • The adoption of standardized language related to nursing terms-NANDA, etc.
  • The ability to find trends in aggregate data, that is data derived from large population groups-Statistical Software, SPSS
• Benefits of computer automation in healthcare

  • Improved access to the medical record
  • Decreased redundancy of data entry
  • Decreased time spent in documentation
  • Increased time for client care
  • Facilitation of data collection for research
  • Improved communication and decreased potential for error
  • Creation of a lifetime clinical record facilitated by information systems
• Benefits of decision-support software

  • Decision-support tools as well as alerts and reminders notify the clinician of possible concerns or omissions
  • Effective data management and trend-finding include the ability to provide historical or current data reports
  • Extensive financial information can be collected and analyzed for trends
  • Data related to treatment such as inpatient length of stay and the lowest level of care provider required can be used to decrease costs
• Nursing Informatics Specialist (NIS)


  A nurse who has formal education, certification and practical experience in using computers in patient care settings
• Functions of the Nursing Informatics Specialist (NIS)

  • Theory development
  • Analysis of information needs
  • Selection of computer systems
  • Design of computer systems and customizations
  • Testing of computer systems
  • Training users of computer systems
  • Evaluation of the effectiveness of computer systems
  • Ongoing maintenance and enhancements
  • Identification of computer technologies that can benefit nursing
• "COMPUTERS ARE INCREDIBLY FAST, ACCURATE AND STUPID. HUMAN BEINGS ARE INCREDIBLY SLOW, INACCURATE AND BRILLIANT. TOGETHER THEY ARE POWERFUL BEYOND IMAGINATION." - ALBERT EINSTEIN
• Nursing and computers in different areas

  • Nursing Practice
  • Nursing Administration
  • Nursing Education
  • Nursing Research
• Significant landmark events

  • 1961 – Healthcare Information and Management systems Society was founded
  • 1965 – Development of one of the first hospital Information system in California
  • 1973 – First Conference on Management Information Sytem
  • 1981 – First National Conference on Computer Technology in Chicago
  • 1984 – First Nursing Computer Journal is published
  • 1989 – graduate program in Nursing Informatics is introduced in Maryland university
  • 1993-establishment of electronic library
  • 1995 – first International Nursing Informatics Teleconference held in Australia
  • 2002-JCAHO identified clinical information system as a way to improve safety and recommends that hospitals adopt technology
  • 2003 – Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act was enacted
  • 2004 – Establishment of the National Health Information Coordinator
• Computer

  A general term referring to information technology ( IT) and computer systems.

  An electronic device that performs tasks, such as calculations or electronic communication, under the control of a set of instructions called a program. Programs usually reside within the computer and are retrieved and processed by the computer’s electronics. The program results are stored or routed to output devices, such as video display monitors or printers.It perform a wide variety of activities reliably, accurately, and quickly.
• COMPUTERS “NURSING PERSPECTIVE”

  In nursing computers are synonymous to nursing

  information system (NIS).

  Computers are used to manage information in patient care, monitor quality of nursing care and evaluate care outcomes

  Networks with internet are used in communicating and accessing resources and interacting w/ the patient on the (WWW).
• 1970’s

  Nurses assisted in the design of HIS

  Computers used in financial and management

  functions

  Several communities developed Management Information sytem
• 1980’s

  Nursing Informatics is formally accepted as

  new nursing specialty.

  Nursing Education identified need for update

  Emergence of microcomputers/PC
• 1990’s

  Computer technology became an integral part of the healthcare setting.

  Policies and legislation on promoting computers

  in healthcare were adopted.

  Approval of NI by ANA as a new nursing specialty.

  Dr. Nicholas Davies excellence award is given for excellence in health information technology, this is managed by HIMSS.
• Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society | HIMSS
• Post 2000

  Clinical Information System became

  individualized in the electronic patient record.

  Mobile computing device were introduced

  New technologies were utilized

  Internet provided new means of development

  Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 was enacted.
• NURSING PRACTICE

  Computer systems, patient care data and NCP’s are integrated to Electronic Health Record

  Need for EHR was perceived

  New Nursing Terminologies were recognized by ANA
• NURSING ADMINISTRATION

  Computers linked department together.

  Hospital data are accessed through computers.

  Hospital process goes on line

  Internet was utilized.
• NURSING EDUCATION

  Most nursing schools offered computer enhanced

  courses.

  Campus-wide computer systems became available.

  Computer technology integrated into teaching

  methodologies

  World wide web facilitates student-centered instructional

  settings.
• NURSING RESEARCH

  Provides an avenue for analyzing data

  Softwares are available for processing

  qualitative and quantitative data

  Research databases emerged

  Online access
• STANDARD INITIATIVES

  ANA – considered as the official nursing organization

  that contributes in the development and

  recommendation of standards of nursing practice

  worldwide.

  Joint commission on Accreditation of Hospital

  Organizations ( JCAHO) – focuses on the need for

  adequate records on patients in hospital and practice of

  standards in documentation of care
• SIGNIFICANT LANDMARK OF EVENT

  1961 – Healthcare Information and Management systems Society was founded

  1965 – Development of one of the first hospital Information system in California

  1973 – First Conference on Management Information Sytem
• 1981 – First National Conference on Computer Technology in Chicago

  1984 – First Nursing Computer Journal is published.

  1989 – graduate program in Nursing Informatics is introduced in Maryland university
• 1993 - establishment of electronic library

  1995 – first International Nursing Informatics Teleconference held in Australia

  2002-JCAHO identified clinical Information system as a way to improve safety and recommends that hospitals adopt technology.
• 2003 – Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act was enacted

  2004 – Establishment of the National Health Information Coordinator.