PMLS2

• Transportation system for the body

  to transfer substances and waster

  from one system to another

  Circulatory System
• Circulates blood through the lungs

  Pulmonary System
• In the lungs...

  Enriched with Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide is removed
• Supplies all the calls with oxygen, fats, carbohydrates, and other energy sources

  Systemic System
• Carry oxygen to body tissues

  Removes the waste product Carbon Dioxide

  Carry nutrients to all parts of the body

  Move the products to the lungs, kidneys, liver and skin

  Blood
• How much blood in the adult body?

  5L
• How much blood in a preterm infant?

  100mL
• How much can only be taken during one draw?

  2.5%
• No more than how much amount of the total patient's blood volume should be taken within a 30 day period

  5%
• Another term for blood cell production

  Hemopoiesis / Hematopoiesis
• Formation of blood cells from undifferentiated hematopoietic stem cells

  Cells mature through stages, slowly decreasing in size

  Stem cells form in bone marrow and lymph nodes

  Mature cells released into bloodstream

  Blood Cell Production
• Sites for blood cell formation in fetus

  yolk sac -> liver & spleen
• Site of blood cell formation in Adults

  Bone
• Primary factory of production of blood cells

  Bone marrow
• Other sites for blood cell productions

  Lymph nodes, thymus and spleen
• Iron-containing pigment of RBCs

  Hemogoblin
• Found on RBC surface

  Determine individual's blood type and other specific factors

  Antigens
• appears as large white cells with purple center when viewed in a stained blood smear

  WBC or Leukocytes
• smallest of the formed elements

  platelets
• Large hematopoietic cells found in the bone marrow

  Fragments of platelets form these

  Megakaryocyte
• Parts of a complete blood count

  RBC count, Hemogoblin, Hematocrit, WBC Count
• Determines the percentage of each WBC type present in the blood

  Indicates type of infection

  WBC differential count
• how many percent of the blood are the fluid portion

  55%
• inside the body, the fluid portion is called...

  plasma
• outside of the body, the fluid portion is called

  serum
• Steps in Clotting of Blood (Serum is Collected)

  1. Uncoagulated blood
  2. Calcium utilized
  3. Prothrombin converts to thrombin
  4. Fibrinogen converts to fibrin
  5. Clot formation with serum extracted
• Chemical substance that prevents blood clotting

  
  

  Keeps condition of plasma like how it was in the blood

  
  

  Anticoagulants
• Anticoagulants prevent conversion of

  Fibrinogen to Fibrin
• Instruments that spins the blood and speeds up removal of serum/plasma

  centrifuge
• Veins for Phlebotomy

  Antecubital fossa, Back of the hands, Wrists, Ankle or Foot
• Back of the arm

  Usual location of where phlebotomist chooses to draw blood

  Veins are near the surface

  Large enough to give access to the blood

  Frequently form an M or H shaped pattern on the arm

  Antecubital Fossa
• • Center of the antecubital fossa

  • Bridged pathway b/w cephalic and basilic veins

  • Vein used majority of the time

  • Easy to palpate and less tendency to roll

  Median Cubital Vein
• • Second choice for venipuncture

  • Follows along the thumb of the arm

  • Not prone to rolling but difficult to palpate

  CEPHALIC VEIN
• • Third choice for venipuncture

  • Difficult to feel and tendency to roll

  • Venipuncture should be with caution underlying brachial artery and median cutaneous vein

  BASILIC VEIN
• brachial region of the arm

  Brachial artery
• in the wrist artery

  Radial and Ulnar artery
• requires special techniques and used when obtaining blood gas samples

  Arterial puncture
• • Alternative when arms are not available
  • Physician's permission is required before blood extraction
  • May cause clots to form which may dislodge and cause blockage elsewhere

  Veins of the Feet
• Function of WBC (Leukocyte)

  Body Defense
• Formation of WBC (Leukocyte)

  Bone Marrow & Lympathic Tissue