2023

• group of waves in the electromagnetic spectrum

  1-radio waves

  2-microwaves

  3-infrared

  4-visible light

  5-ultraviolet

  6-X rays

  7-gamma rays
• Give one similarity and one difference between the properties of ultraviolet waves and gamma rays

  similarity-both transfer energy OR both transverse

  Difference-gamma is more ionising,OR gamma is more penetrating.
• Light changes direction when it enters the glass prism.process called?

  Refraction
• equation linked to frequency,wavespeed, wavelength

  $V=$$f\times\lambda$
• equation linking acceleration, mass, and resultant force

  F=ma
• Describe the difference between longitudinal waves and transverse waves

  The vibrations in longitudinal waves are parallel to the direction of energy transfer, whereas the vibrations in transverse waves are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.
• the tendency for an object to remain stationary is called

  Inertia
• Increase the current so the resultant force increases

  to increase the acceleration of an object
• Describe how the permanent magnet could be used to test if the iron bar is also a permanent magnet.

  bring the same end of the iron bar close to each pole (end of the permanent magnet)-any repulsion shows the iron bar is a permanent magnet.
• Explain how a magnetic compass provides evidence that the Earth has a magnetic field

  The compass needle always points in the same direction because it aligns itself with the Earth's magnetic field.
• The relationship between W acting on the spring and the extension of the spring

  $W∝e$
• What does inelastically deformed mean

  An object that is inelastically deformed will not go back to its original length when the force is removed.
• velocity is a

  vector
• Describe the velocity of a stone as it falls through the air. Assume there is no air resistance

  magnitude increases uniformly, direction remains constant.
• deceleration unit

  m/$s^2$
• Describe a method the student could use.Your answer should include any extra equipment needed.

  [6 marks]

  Method of varying force:

  • Vary the height of the runway.
  • Use wooden blocks.

  Measurements:

  • Place a slotted mass on the mass holder.
  • Use W=mgW = mgW=mg to calculate force.
  • Mark the starting and finishing points of the trolley on the runway.
  • Measure the distance between the two marks with a metre ruler.
  • Time how long it takes to travel between the two marks with a timer.
  • Use v=Stv = \frac{S}{t}v=tS​ and a=Δvta = \frac{\Delta v}{t}a=tΔv​.
• As the stone moves through the water, the stone slows to a constant velocity.Explain why.

  [4 marks]

  Drag is greater than weight, so there is a resultant force acting in the opposite direction to the velocity, causing deceleration.

  As velocity decreases, the drag decreases until drag equals weight, so the resultant force is zero and the stone moves at constant velocity.