formulae and naming alkanes

• what is an organic molecule?

  molecules containing carbon
• what is an empirical formula?

  simplest whole number ratio of atoms of elements in a compound
• what is a molecular formula?

  actual number of atoms of element in a molecule
• what is a general formula?

  simplest algebraic way of representing the formula
• what is the displayed formula?

  shows all bonds and all atoms present
• what is the structural formula?

  simplest way of showing arrangement of atoms
• what is the skeletal formula?

  shows bonds and angles of carbon skeleton

  only hydrogen and carbon atom on main chain not shown
• what is a functional group?

  an atom or group of atoms which have similar chemical properties
• what is a homologous series?

  family of molecules that contain same functional group
• what do homologous series' all have?

  1. general formula
  2. similar chemical properties
  3. gradual change in physical properties
• what is a saturated molecule?

  only contain C – C bonds
• what is an unsaturated molecule?

  contains one or more C=C bond
• what is a hydrocarbon?

  compound containing only carbon and hydrogen
• what is alkanes general formula?

  CnH2n+2
• what are properties of alkanes?

  1. saturated
  2. mostly unreactive
• what is the functional group and prefix/suffix of alkanes?

  functional group – C – C

  suffix – ane
• what is the functional group and prefix/suffix of alkenes?

  functional group – C= C

  suffix – ene
• what is the functional group and prefix/suffix of halogenoalkanes?

  functional group – C – X (X= halogen)

  prefix - chloro
• what is the functional group and prefix/suffix of alcohols?

  functional group – C-OH

  prefix - hydroxy

  suffix - ol
• what is the functional group and prefix/suffix of aldehydes?

  O

  //

  functional group - --C--H suffix - al
• what is the functional group and prefix/suffix of ketones?

  O

  //

  functional group - --C--H

  suffix - one

  prefix - oxo
• what is the functional group and prefix/suffix of carboxylic acids?

  O

  //

  functional group - --C--O--H

  suffix - oic acid
• what is the functional group and prefix/suffix of nitriles?

  functional group - --C=_N

  suffix - nitrile
• what is the functional group and prefix/suffix of amines?

  /

  functional group - --C--NH2

  / prefix - amino

  suffix - amine