IUPAC rules, branched and cyclic alkanes

• what is the IUPAC rules?

  rules that organic molecules are systematically named by
• what is the order of name?

  prefix ----- stem ----- suffix
• what does prefix represent in name?

  functional group present and alkyl branches
• what does stem represent in name?

  number of carbon atoms in longest chain
• what does suffix represent in name?

  functional group
• what is alkene general formula?

  CnH2n
• what is halogenoalkane general formula?

  CnH2n+1X
• what are the rules for naming compounds?

  1. identify functional group
  2. identify longest continuous carbon chain
  3. number the carbon atoms so functional group is lowest possible
  4. use numbers to show functional group position
  5. use di, tri, tetra for multiple functional groups
  6. list functional groups alphabetically (ignore di, tri, tetra)
  7. if first letter of suffix is vowel, drop 'e' at end of alkane name
  8. use commas between numbers
  9. use hyphens between number to letter
• how are branches shown in structural formula?

  in brackets
• what are cycle compounds prefix and general formula?

  prefix - cyclo

  general formula CnH2n
• what is alcohols general formula?

  CnH2n+1OH
• what is aldehydes general formula?

  CnH2nO
• what is ketones general formula?

  CnH2nO
• what is carboxylic acids general formula?

  CnH2nO2
• what is amines general formula?

  CnH2n+1NH2
• what is nitriles general formula?

  CnH2n+1CN