electrophilic addition

• what is an electrophile?

  atom attracted to electron rich centre and accepts pair of electrons to form new covalent bond
• what is the test for alkenes?

  1. add bromine water
  2. positive result - orange to colourless colour change
• what electrophiles can be used in electrophilic addition?

  1. H2SO4
  2. Br2
  3. HBr
• what will be the major product of electrophilic addition?

  3° > 2° > 1°
• what will be the minor product of electrophilic addtion?

  1° > 2° > 3°
• why are major products formed in electrophilic addition?

  increasing stability of intermediate carbocation due to increased positive inductive effect
• what is the reduction reaction of ethene?

  forms alkanes

  nickel catalyst

  150° C
• what is the hydration reaction of ethene?

  forms ethanol

  concentrated phosphoric acid catalyst

  6000KPa

  300°C